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Increasing noise at high gain has limited the sensitivity of conventional 1550nm avalanche photoreceivers. We demonstrate an integrated avalanche detector with multiple gain and built-in feedback mechanisms which can potentially detect single photons.
This paper presents different design considerations for the receiver front-end (RXFE) in low-power, high-speed data links. Specifications for the RXFE are defined and explained in detail, including their impact on the overall link performance. Based on these specifications, low-power RXFE topologies are then analyzed to illustrate the design and performance tradeoffs. Techniques to properly characterize...
A chopped vertical Hall sensor for detecting the speed and motion direction of magnetic encoder wheels is presented. It achieves low offset and low noise even in the case of the low intrinsic sensitivity and high voltage dependency of offset common to the vertical Hall devices. It features a combination of spinning and stacking techniques together with mixed sampled and continuous time processing,...
This paper reports on the state of the art silicon micromachined microphone utilizing a dual poly silicon membrane system. MEMS chips from 1.4mm down to 1.0mm side length are applied for mobile communication. Design aspects related with key performance parameters such as sensitivity, signal to noise ration and distortion are discussed. Sensitivity of − 38BV/Pa is achieved for different microphone...
To solve the problem that the single-peak and sensitivity of conventional image sharpness functions come down which results in slowing auto-focusing speed or even falling to focus because of noise, an anti-noise auto-focusing algorithm is proposed in this paper. The algorithm uses an anti-noise image sharpness function and a searching strategy that combines coarse focusing with fine focusing to improve...
In-situ colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) detection has great significance for marine scientific research. In this work, we have developed and tested a highly sensitive in-situ CDOM sensor. With the detecting principle and in-situ survey requirement, we have designed the conjugate focus light path, watertight mechanical structure and high precision electrical system with low power consumption...
Consider the compressed sensing problem of estimating an unknown k-sparse n-vector from a set of m noisy linear equations. Recent work focused on the noise sensitivity of particular algorithms — the scaling of the reconstruction error with added noise. In this paper, we study the minimax noise sensitivity — the minimum is over all possible recovery algorithms and the maximum is over all vectors obeying...
High external noise levels at HF and VHF allow simple, poorly-matched antennas to achieve the best possible (external-noise dominated) sensitivity. However, the large fractional bandwidths of these systems leaves them extremely susceptible to non-linear effects from strong in-band signals, resulting in a trade-off between sensitivity and linearity. We review some existing designs and consider if modifications...
This paper presents the low-sensitivity realization of narrow band-pass analog active filters using second-generation current conveyors. It is known that filters using multiple-feedback structures have reduced sensitivities to passive component tolerances. It was shown that using the follow-the leader (FLF) topology, the sensitivity of current transfer function magnitude was reduced when compared...
We report on terahertz wireless communication experiments at 0.2 THz, using a commercial GaAs field-effect-transistor as detector. For the first time, we will present the transmission of pseudo-random bit sequence at 0.2 THz using this commercial transistor and demonstrate open eye-patterns up to 1.5 Gbps. This transistor is integrated into a machined horn, so that its sensitivity is improved to 1...
Recent studies have shown that transistor variability and ageing phenomena are responsible for variation of transconductance (gm) and drain current (ID) in MOSFETs. It is therefore important to perform sensitivity analysis at the earliest design stage in order to minimize effects of ageing. It is however not trivial to perform sensitivity analysis analytically because the 1-V characteristics of modern...
Testing Analog-to-Digital Converters is important for both the manufacturer and the consumer. One of the test procedures require to excite the ADC with a pure sine wave, and calculate the errors (SINAD, SNR, ENOB, THD+N etc.) of the Device Under Test from the acquired signal. The error definitions are based on the difference between the reference signal and the measured one. Usually a fitted sine...
An innovated low-power memory interface with data rate up to 4.3Gbps presents unique challenges to power integrity (PI) design and verification. While benign to power saving, the employed low-power design techniques, such as power state management, low-power clocking circuit, and on-chip voltage regulator, make the interface more susceptible to supply noise, particularly, in terms of its jitter impact...
As DDR speed continues to increase, uncorrelated timing jitter becomes a significant portion of channel timing budget. The dominant component of uncorrelated timing jitter comes from power supply noise induced jitter (PSIJ). DDR systems rely on tracking of this jitter between data and strobe signals. Due to inherent 90 degree offset between data and strobe signals, a significant amount of high-frequency...
A method to reduce the supply voltage sensitivity of digitally-controlled ring oscillators (DCROs) using digital current-regulated tuning is presented. By regulating the supply current of ring oscillator instead of its supply voltage, the proposed technique overcomes the limitations of conventional voltage regulator, achieves high supply-noise rejection performance and digital tuning of current-regulated...
A signal acquisition IC for 3-input resistive bridge sensors has been realized in 0.18um CMOS. It features a low noise programmable amplifier which achieved 1.8μVrms input referred noise and 120dB CMRR, a SAR ADC with 11.2 bits ENOB, an embedded temperature sensor and configurable oscillator. The active area of the chip is 0.3mm² which consumes 60μW and 18μW at 1.8V supply with output data rate (ODR)...
The thin-disk (TD) technology allowed reaching unprecedentedly high average powers and high energies with sub-ps pulses directly from oscillators [1,2,3]. Such oscillators can be considered as an extremely attractive alternative to Ti:Sa oscillators, the working horses of the ultrafast community. However, two more features are missing to make TD oscillators a suitable substitute to Ti:Sa oscillators:...
Techniques for making quantum-limited nonlinear measurements have attracted a great deal of recent attention because they allow a measurement sensitivity that improves as the number of measuring particles (e.g. photons) increases faster than an equivalent linear measurement. This super-Heisenberg scaling was recently demonstrated in a proof-of-principle experiment [1], in which a measurement Hamiltonian...
We have developed self-sensing piezoresistive microcantilevers optimized for the measurement of (biomolecular) forces. Typical dimensions are 250 µm in length, 8–20 µm in width and 450 nm in thickness, with spring constants of about 1 mN/m. The devices have been electromechanically tested on wafer and show good force resolutions in air between 35 and 130 pN depending on the cantilever dimensions....
This paper provides an enhanced inertial mass SOI MEMS process for the fabrication of a high sensitivity micromachined accelerometer. In the proposed process, the handle layer of the SOI wafer is used as an enhanced inertial mass, in this way, the inertial mass of the accelerometer can increase 5–15 times. Therefore, the sensitivity of the MEMS accelerometer can be significantly increased. In this...
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