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The RF performance of wireless consumer products is heavily affected by the antennas serving the various radio system. The antenna solutions provided for each communication system must be packaged in a manner compatible with high volume / low cost manufacturing processes and the systems employed to assemble them. In this paper, we present a trio of advanced antenna manufacturing processes developed...
As the low power technology is scaled to below 32 nm node, a number of challenges are emerging, that of scaling L (to fit at pitch) and the device leakage (GIDL and junction) . A fully depleted device can enable both L scaling and at the same time keep the GIDL much below the bulk CMOS. Significant progress has been made on FD on thin SOI. They include demonstration of devices with the right threshold...
The seawater desalination system with falling film evaporation was set up, which was driven by solar-wind energy. In addition, the basic principles of system operation were expounded??and the main factors affecting the system performance were discussed. The results showed that the latent heat of vapor and the heat of brine were utilized repeatedly in the system. In addition, the system had a higher...
Three dimensional finite element model for solidly mounted film bulk acoustic resonator (SMFBAR) devices with 23?? c-axis-tilted ZnO film is developed and simulated using CoventorWare??. Electromechanical coupling coefficient for 23?? c-axis-tilted ZnO film calculated as high as 19% in quasi-shear mode. The particle vibration of the device at resonant frequency was measured in both quasi-shear and...
Two-junction tandem thin-film photovoltaic cells are composed of a wide-bandgap top cell overlying a narrower-bandgap bottom cell. CdTe, with a bandgap of 1.5 eV, can function effectively as a top cell when paired with a bottom cell of appropriate bandgap. Effective two-junction cells require a back contact to the top cell that is transparent to the sub-bandgap radiation absorbed by the bottom cell...
Following our previous study on the material-quality limiting factors of evaporated solid-phase crystallized (SPC) poly-Si thin films fabricated on planar glass for photovoltaic applications, we extend our study to investigate the impurity levels, optical properties, transport properties, and device performance of so-called ??EVA?? (EVAporated Si) solar cells. These potentially cost-effective cells...
In this work, we studied the impact of using Zn1-xMgxO to replace the intrinsic ZnO in CIGS solar cells. The effect of Mg content and layer thickness of the Zn1-xMgxO on device formation was investigated. We found that the amount of Mg in the Zn1-xMgxO layer and the layer thickness significantly alter the cell properties. Device characterization indicated that the impact of the Mg content is not limited...
On this paper, we have studied the effect of the quality of different layers and their influence on the Voc of a standard CISEL?? cell. The objective is to asset the magnitude of the global losses and to identify the responsibility of each layer on this final value. For this, we have carried several simulations with the SCAPS2.7.03 software. We propose a model for the standard cell, and then we substitute...
Solar cells based on polycrystalline Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) absorber layers have shown high potential for low cost photovoltaic energy conversion. Our group has achieved 18.1% efficient cells on glass substrates and 14.1% on flexible polyimide foils without antireflection (AR) coating. These results were achieved by applying a three-stage evaporation process with common growth rates of about 35 nm/min...
The lifetime-limiting failure mechanisms of CuInGaSSe (CIGSS) solar devices made by Shell Solar Industries (SSI) were investigated. In our study, SSI minimodules were exposed to dry-heat 85??C, damp-heat 85??C/85% RH and aerobic and anaerobic room temperature and 85??C water baths. After 200 hours exposure to moisture-containing environments, the average device performance decreased by more than 30%...
Organic solar cells based on bulk heterojunction (BHJ) structure fabricated by blending conjugated polymers with fullerenes have resulted in great improvements in the energy conversion efficiencies in recent years. PCBM ([6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester), a fullerene derivative, has been extensively investigated as a solution processable electron acceptor for BHJ photovoltaic devices blended...
The study of (AgCu)(InGa)Se2 absorber layers is of interest in that Ag-chalcopyrites exhibit both wider bandgaps and lower melting points than their Cu counterparts. (AgCu)(InGa)Se2 absorber layers were deposited over the composition range 0 < Ag/(Ag+Cu) < 1 and 0.3 < Ga/(In+Ga) < 1.0 using a variety of elemental co-evaporation processes. Films were found to be single-phase over the entire...
Correlation between the power conversion efficiency and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) modified poly (3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene): poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) of polymer solar cells is studied. The PEDOT:PSS is modified by adding process additive (DMSO) during processing. However, highly conductive DMSO-PEDOT:PSS leads to tremendous errors in the measurement of the polymer solar cells. Our investigations...
Multi-step processing of Cu(In,Ga)Se2, incorporating electrodeposition (ED) of single-phase precursors coupled with physical vapor deposition (PVD) to tune film composition, is described. ED conditions for a range of precursors, including CuSe, Cu/In alloys and bi-layers, In2Se3, and Cu metal, were optimized. Precursors were processed by PVD at ~500??C for 45-60 minutes. Resultant Cu(In,Ga)Se2 devices...
The electrical performance of the F16CuPc/α6T TFT was also studied, illuminated by a visible light from a white LED and the performance of the device as a phototransistor. As the illumination intensity is increased from 0 to 3.0 k Lux, the hole mobility decreases to about 1/3, while the electron mobility is only slightly increased. The mechanism of light enhanced photocurrent of n-channel is based...
novel architecture of DMG ISE SON MOSFET has been proposed and shown to have a commendable potential to become ultimate device architecture for ULSI era owing to its greater resistance toward self heating effect and with its high performance in terms of S, DIBL and current drivability. The improvement in SCEs is further seen for DMG ISE SON MOSFET with thin channel film.
Two dimensional numerical simulation of nanoscaled selective buried oxide (SELBOX) based MOSFET is performed. In this device an opening is provided under the device channel in the buried oxide (BOX). A comparative analysis of the SELBOX, bulk and SOI (Silicon-on-Insulator) devices for various performance measuring parameters has been done. The simulation study has revealed that by properly choosing...
Cu(In1-xGax)Se2 (CIGS)-based solar cells have emerged as one of the most promising candidates for high-efficiency low-cost thin-film solar cells, and a significant improvement in solar cell performance has been reported with conversion efficiencies as high as eta=19.9%, though the efficiencies of commercial modules are limited to eta=11-12%. In Japan, the efficiency goal for 2030 is set to be eta=25%...
This work reports on the research and development of high temperature (HT) thin electrodes for use in acoustic wave sensor platforms up to 1000degC. Previously developed thin film platinum (Pt) electrodes limits HT operation due to a de-wetting phenomena, which results in loss of Pt film electrical continuity and device failure above 650mnplus750degC. To address the problem, co-deposition of Pt/rhodium...
A new Si-on-AlN substrate has been fabricated and characterised both electrically and thermally. Thermal properties of the new substrate have been identified with a thermal resistance reduced by half to 47.5 K/W compared to reference SOI. Further improvements in fabrication of these new SOI substrates with regard to the alpha-Si layer, oxide layer and in AlN film quality itself would utillise the...
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