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We optimized Ag/ZnO back reflectors (BR) for hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si:H) solar cells by independently changing the textures of the Ag and ZnO layers. We found that Ag/ZnO with textured Ag and thin ZnO provides the highest nc-Si:H solar cell efficiency. Optimized Ag texture with an rms = 40 nm effectively scatters light without seriously degrading the nc-Si:H material quality. Using...
Package-on-package (PoP) has been widely adopted for 3D integration of logic and memory within mobile handsets and other portable multimedia devices. Typical PoP solution is applied to logic processor as bottom package and memory device as top package. TMV® solution is being applied to reduce the warpage and achieve the fine pitch PoP and stable stacking performance. Currently, 0.4mm MIF(Memory Interface...
In order to clarify the characteristics of spark conditioning carried out in parallel at several parts of electrodes, we studied conditioning process in a multi-gap electrode system with two rod-plane electrodes in vacuum. The rod material and gap distance of one gap was kept to Cu-Cr (d=5 mm) in some multi-gap electrodes. On the other hand, the rod material and gap distance of the other gap were...
Semantic Web and ontology play an important role in various research fields today, but are rarely used in the materials science domain. In this paper we propose an approach to find a mapping method from metal materials database to an ontology. The proposed method refers to the latest W3C standard DM and R2RML. The goal of the mapping system is to transform Relational Database (RDB) to the Resource...
This paper addresses the power transformer tank design optimization problem and, proposes a tank mechanical property analysis method with high calculation precision. The main contributions of this research are: 1) introduction of a new effective method to calculate transformer tank mechanical property; 2) incorporation of Quantum behaved Particle Swarm Optimization (QPSO) algorithm to solve the tank...
Electrical equipment used in cold weather regions are subjected to different environmental conditions than most standard approvals cover. There are two main areas of concern for products used in cold weather — safety and function. For Class I classified locations the ability of the equipment to maintain its explosion protection properties at low temperatures is of major importance. Low temperatures...
Real performance of a large number of 18.5kW contactors available on the market are presented with their evolution over the last 10 years. Significant disparities were observed. They are mostly independent of electrical contacts implemented. By contrast, a strong presumption is issued on the dependence of the contact force which becomes weaker and weaker. In preamble, the evolution on test machine...
The use of Non-Dispersive InfraRed (NDIR) detection technology as a basis for a Hazardous Area Classification is described. Methods for identifying fugitive emission leaks using NDIR technology, quantifying leak data and applying the results to document the basis for a hazardous area classification are presented. Limitations associated with the technology are also defined. A case history of a gas...
We report progress on the development of a new technique that has the potential to enable the vacuum deposition of OLEDs with feature sizes ≤ 20um, and hence high resolution OLED displays. An OLED device with 16um by 130um sub-pixel size has been successfully demonstrated utilizing the novel idea of the in-situ shadow mask patterning method showing the capability of this method to achieve high resolution...
During the period 1998–2008, there was a 150% increase in the number of students who choose the online courses to carry out part of their credits. In 2013 it is expected that nearly 20% of college students will receive more then 80% of their credits by online courses. This scenario of online courses popularization requires attention to quality issues, as well as the establishment of mechanisms to...
The last decade there is discussion about methods and means of improving quality of engineering education and about ways to implement them in a high school practice. The authors focus on the question of forming competences in the field of quality management on the example of educational direction “Materials Science and Technology of Materials”. As shown the producing departments often include in the...
There is controversy among scientists whether standards and regulations hamper or stimulate innovation. Using a new approach and a different data set, we argue with Swann and Lambert (2010) that this controversy is based on a false antithesis. Building on Swann and Lambert (2010), Swann (DTI, 2005) and King (2006) we focus on pre-existing standards and regulations, i.e., those that are not specific...
With the rapid growth of network technologies, Web-based learning conquers the limits of time and location in traditional teaching and is increasing its popularity. However, most of the learning websites lacks of the convenient tools in packaging the information users are interested in. Therefore, the information posted and exchanged in the websites is not easy to be extracted and reused somewhere...
The appropriate choice of the physical layout of the shop floor is fundamental for the viability of an industrial activity in the current globalized and highly competitive economy. More and more specialized products, with successively shorter life cycles seek to respond to the frequent market changes, demanding an agile and flexible industrial system that at the same time is economically efficient...
In order to solve the prominent problems such as slowness, subjectivity and inclination of human factors in competitive procurement method selection for general equipment maintenance materials, based on five key indexes including confidentiality, security, number of qualified suppliers, fund saving rate and project time limit, this paper presented a new quantitative model for procurement method selection...
Paper concerns accumulation of video-quality losses in multiple HEVC encoding and decoding cycles. The results of extensive experiments with standard video test sequences are reported. General conclusions has been drawn about relative quality losses after each cycle, as well as about total quality loss with respect to first cycle. In general, quality losses after each cycle are decreasing and total...
After a research on railway project cases, we find that in some China companies, project cost control is such weak, even though the railway project has a huge number of investments with a short construction period. So to solve this problem, this paper constructs WBS standard templates and dictionaries of Four-Electrical (Communication, Electricity, Electrification, Signal) railway projects, based...
Few research conducted Multinational enterprise CSR in foreign context and emerging markets. It also remains unclear the link between social practices and product market performance at the branch level in the multinational context. To understand (1) does Multinational enterprise CSR in host country influence their branches' performance in emerging market; (2) how the spatial distance between home...
As students become increasingly more reliant and absorbed in technology, the new technology roles in their lives have affected many aspects of their learning traits. Some researchers have confirmed that the learning habits of today's youngsters are very different from that of their parents and teachers. The educational demands of this new century require new ways of thinking, teaching and learning...
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