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In the study, it was aimed to investigate the bactericidal activity of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) performed on in-vitro conditions with novel cationic-porphyrin derivatives (CPDs) on multidrug resistant E. coli. In aPDT experiments performed with different concentrations of photosensitizer and different energy densities, 99.9999% or more decrease in bacterial survival was detected....
Today's world is gradually getting agitated by Human Immunodeficiency Virus — Type 1 due to its pervasive and death-dealing nature. The virus replicates by exploiting a complex interaction network of HIV-1 and human proteins and destructs human immunity power, gradually leading to AIDS. Anti-HIV drugs are designed to utilize the information on viral-host protein-protein interactions (PPIs), so that...
Antibacterial resistance has been progressively increasing mostly due to selective antibiotic pressure, forcing pathogens to either adapt or die. The development of antibacterial resistance to last-line antibiotics urges the formulation of alternative strategies for drug discovery. Recently, attention has been devoted to the development of computational methods to predict drug-target interactions...
Due to the special structures of cell membrane, good internalization is one of major concerns on using large nanospheres as carriers for labeling and treatment of cancer. We herein report fluorescent gelatin nanosphers (GNs) coated with CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) to form a viable vehicle for theranostic applications. Anti-human immunoglobulin G Fab formation, anti-IgG Fab, is bioconjugated on to...
The emergence of organs-on-a-chip microfabricated devices and integrated microphysiological systems has facilitated study of human physiology in an organ-specific context, enabling the development and validation of predictive models relevant in drug discovery. Quantitative investigations of cytokine profiles and signaling networks across a range of physiological perturbations, in a highly multiplexed...
Genomic data promises to provide individualized medicine. The cost of determining an individual genome will soon be low enough, if it isn't already, to make genotyping a standard medical procedure. Unfortunately, using this data to predict phenotypic responses is a difficult and largely unsolved problem. Drug resistance in HIV is an excellent model system for this problem because there are many pairs...
Drug resistance is commonly encountered during treatment for HIV/AIDS, and decreases the efficacy of the antiviral drugs. Genotyping the infecting virus gives sequence data for computational prediction of resistance, which is more efficient than performing experimental assays for resistance. Current predictions rely on simple rules with modest accuracy; therefore, a prediction method with high accuracy...
Mutations in EGFR kinase domain can cause non-small-cell lung cancer, which is one of the most lethal diseases in the world. However, current therapy is limited by the drug resistance effect in different EGFR mutants. There is an urgent demand for developing computational methods to predict drug resisted mutations. In this study, we use quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics models to generate...
Mutations in HIV patients' reverse transcriptase and protease may be related to drug resistance. There are many issues that make difficult the complete elucidation of the relationship between these mutations and drug resistance, such as cross resistance and the limitations to detect the relevance of resistance. Look up tables and rule-based systems are an attempt to classify sequences and predict...
The evolution of drug resistance in malaria continues to be a widespread concern. Many of these drugs target key proteins such as dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). However in malaria, the structural plasticity of DHFR allows it to maintain its active site and catalytic activity, while resisting drug binding. One way to better understand this process is through the appreciation of DHFR structural evolution...
Observe the influence of solasodine hydrochloride (SBHL) on mouse S180's tumor model's acquired multi-drug resistance by measuring the tumor chemo sensitivity, tumor cell apoptosis and gene expression level of P-glycoprotein(P-gp), Lung Cancer Resistance Protein(LRP) and Topoisomerase II. Methods Establish the Multi-drug Resistance (MDR) mouse S180 tumor model by low dose chemotherapy. Treat the mouse...
An icELISA immunoassay for determination of marbofloxacin (MAR) residue has been developed. For this purpose, modified EDC technology was employed to synthesize the immunogen and coating antigen of MAR. UV-vis spectrum and SDS-PAGE identification showed that the artificial antigen was conjugated successfully. New Zealand white rabbits were used to produce anti-MAR polyclonal antibody. Based on the...
Saccharomyces cerevisiae provides an excellent eukary-otic model for biomedical and medicinal research. In this article, yeast was applied in pharmacological studies to identify new targets and mechanisms of action of drugs, as well as pathways involved in drug resistance. The work here presented is focused on two distinct drugs: the traditional anti-malarial quinine, and the paradigmatic anti-cancer...
Removal or suppression of key proteins in an essential pathway of a pathogen is expected to disrupt the pathway and prohibit the pathogen from performing a vital function. Thus disconnecting multiple essential pathways should disrupt the survival of a pathogen even when it has multiple pathways to drug resistance. We consider a scenario where the drug-resistance pathways are unknown. To disrupt these...
We verify whether P-glycoprotein (P-gp) could induce cell resistance to apoptosis by inhibiting caspase-8 and caspase-3. Human KB cells, either drug-sensitive or with multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype caused by Over- expression of P-gp (KBv200 cells), were treated with anti-Fas (CH-11) to induce apoptosis. Cytotoxicity was detected by MTT assay. Symptoms of cell death were assessed by morphological...
Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of FAC in hepatic fibrosis (HF) and the underlined mechanism. Methods: Using KM mice subjected to CCl4-induced HF. At the end of the experiment, the tissues of liver were removed for histopathological examination and SOD, MDA, HYP assays. The expressions of PPARγ were detected by immunohistochemistry. Result: we found that administration...
Measuring drug resistance is one of the challenging and essential pharmaceutical activities. It is a laborious and costly laboratory-based experimentation. Various clinical and experimental analyses for measuring drug resistance have been carried out. Results have been obtained for different types of therapeutic agents as a consequence of changes in the amino acids compositions in the sequence (mutation)...
This paper shows how a game theoretical analysis can provide a model to determine the factors affecting the switch from CXCR4 coreceptor (X4) to CCR5 coreceptor (R5) in HIV-1 infected individuals. Simulations of the model predict that a persistent immune response suppresses the X4-tropic virus to a low level at first, but later increases in the immune response will trigger the switch from X4 to R5...
Objective: To study the relationship between the methylation status of multi-drug resistance protein (MRP) gene and the expression of its mRNA and protein in lung cancer cell lines. Methods: Human lung cell line WI-38.1ung adenocarcinoma cell line SPCA-1 and its drug-resistant cells induced by different concentrations of doxorubicin were treated with restriction endonuclease Eco47III. The methylation...
Recently, superparamagnetic nanoparticles of iron oxides have shown great potential in bio-applications, including magnetic resonance imaging contrast enhancement, drug delivery, bio-separation, tissue repair, hyperthermia, and others. In this study, we have explored the enhanced cytotoxicity effect of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) on both sensitive K562 cell line and adriamycin-resistance K562/A02 cell...
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