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PMD camera is an active 3D camera based on TOF principle. This camera can capture intensity image and depth map at the same time and also has advantages of high frame rate, non-scan and independence on ambient light, etc. But the depth data are contaminated by random noise and systematic bias. To solve this problem, this paper analyzes the factors that affect the precision of distance data and presents...
For digital photographs of astronomical objects, where exposure times are usually long and ISO settings high, the so-called dark-current is a significant source of noise. Dark-current refers to thermally generated electrons and is therefore present even in the absence of light. This paper presents a novel approach for denoising astronomical images that have been corrupted by dark-current noise. Our...
CMOS image sensors are now used in a variety of camera applications, such as mobile phones, camcorders, and digital still cameras (DSCs). In particular, most digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) cameras and so called “mirror-less” cameras that require a large-format sensor also employ CMOS image sensors due to their lower power consumption and higher readout speed compared to their CCD counterparts.
Low-cost 3D image capture devices are enabling new applications in the gaming, robotics, automotive and surveillance industries. A number of approaches are competing for a share of these markets. Stereoscopic cameras employ intensive image processing to interpret distance from the correlation of two separate image streams [1], structured light systems analyse the deformation of pat terned light projected...
This paper presents a VGA 1/13-inch system-on-chip (SoC), primarily targeted for the consumer camera mobile phone market. In this market low cost, ease of product integration, low module height, and low light image quality are important features. The SoC simplifies integration of the sensor into the final product by providing camera functions such as: automatic exposure control, automatic white balance,...
Conventional cameras capture 2D photographs at a single plane of focus. Acquisition of a 3D photograph with multiple planes of focus typically requires scanning the focus of a single camera, or using arrays of cameras or lenses. This paper demonstrates a 150kpixel image sensor, which captures 3D scenes. The chip is manufactured in commodity 0.18μm CMOS and requires only a single convex lens at a fixed...
Images of folding process was collected and on-line detection of folding dislocations is explored using characteristic points in these images, which reduces the computation time. First, determine the dislocation type through characteristic points in the images of a folding process. Then, through calibration the corresponding dislocation bias for the detected type of folding dislocation can be obtained...
In this paper, we discuss a method of distance and relative speed estimation for ITS by using a certain amount of focus blur. In this method, we use different focus positions of two cameras for obtaining the amount of focus blur. Next, we propose the method of distance estimation by the amount of focus blur and disparity information. According to the result of simulation, the distance and relative...
Camera Technology has evolved tremendously in the last 10 years, the proliferation of camera-phones fueling unprecedented advancements on CMOS image sensors. As an emerging field, some of the problems are justified while others are bi-products of the chosen silicon technology and are not fundamental to advancement of image technology. This paper will review block by block some image processing components...
We have been developing a portable system to verify the life environment without other people's supports for low-vision. We call this system "View-aid". View-aid system is glasses with a small digital wireless CMOS camera. And View-aid is used when low-vision wants to verify the surroundings. The image that is taken with this camera is transmitted to the PDA with the Bluetooth transmission...
As one of the most important part of the Concentrated Photovoltaic (CPV) system, the tracking accuracy and sensitivity of the solar tracker has a significant influence on the lighting rate and power generation rate of CPV system. The CPV solar tracker based on ARM tracks the sun mainly by using the CMOS sensor. In order to improve the tracking sensitivity, a method of sun spot center orientation based...
In CMOS image sensors tiny semiconductor variations cause a distortion of the image known as fixed pattern noise (FPN). With a good FPN compensation CMOS sensors can deliver very good image quality. Compensation algorithms differ in complexity, maximum frame rate, and compensation quality with thermal drift. This paper analyzes existing approaches to offset FPN compensation and their drawbacks. We...
We describe the implementation in a self-standing system of a novel contrast-based binary CMOS imaging sensor.This sensor is characterized by very low power consumption and wide dynamic range, which makes it attractive for wireless camera network applications. In our implementation,the sensor is interfaced with a Flash-based FPGA processor,which handles data readout and image processing.This self-standing...
The paper is reviewing the new trends of the image sensing, the Super CCDs and the Backlit CMOS. One proposes a new HDR fuzzy-interpolative algorithm that can extend the dynamic range of a still Backlit CMOS image in the Super CCD SR manner: the fusion of two images, the first one with a normal exposure and the other underexposed.
In order to search and rescue the victims in rubble effectively, a 3D model of the cavity is required. This paper presents a cavity detection method based on machine vision for disaster rescue robot. Laser ring projection technique is developed to lighten the profile of cross-section of the cavity and draw a line around the internal surface. A CMOS camera is used to capture the images which consist...
Digital cameras are increasingly used in emerging applications such as automotive safety. Automotive scenes require the use of WDR image sensors for active safety systems with the goal of avoiding collisions by detecting obstacles. In this paper a one dimensional array of pixels from a 0.35-μm CMOS technology is described that integrates the photocurrent in each pixel for time that depends upon the...
In this paper we present a class of emergent algorithms called Marching Pixels which can be used for real time image processing in smart camera chips. Marching Pixels are based on hardware agents which are virtually crawling in a pixel grid image to find attributes like centroid, rotation and size of an arbitrary number of objects given in an image. Due to the distributed and local processing scheme...
This paper presents the design of an array of avalanche photodiodes (APD) in standard CMOS technology for a 3-D camera. The distance measurement is based on the time of flight principle, more precisely on the phase-shift measurement method. The pixel is operated in permanent sinusoidal regime based on optoelectronic mixing technique. Circuit simulations allowed the architecture validation and the...
Due to steady advancements in semiconductor technology, greatly-enhanced memory capacity and high-speed data processing are now available, creating many evolving types of audio and video electronic products. The digital camera represents this trend well, where image sensor evolution has been responsible for enabling strong market growth. CCD image sensors have contributed to the miniaturization of...
A multi-spectral camera is introduced to make up the traditional defects in this article, which is sensitive to NIR, red and green lights. It is with three CMOS sensors to collect the lights in the three wave-lengths. Besides, an FPGA is used to serve as the control unit. The information collected is stored as BMP files into a Compact Flash™ card. The NIOS-II CPU provided by the Altera Corporation...
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