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This paper discusses the role of safety, availability, dependability of Internet of Things (IoT) data services dedicated to the monitoring and control of objects in the physical world. These services are designed to be available to devices and users on request at any time and at any location. The Internet of Things differs from today's global Internet in a number of ways. For instance, the networks...
Security cases—which document the rationale for believing that a system is adequately secure—have not been sufficiently used for a lack of practical construction method. This paper presents a hierarchical software security case development method to address this issue. We present a security concept relationship model first, then come up with a hierarchical asset-threat-control measure argument strategy,...
Processes constrain developer freedom and impact software development cost. They can increase costs from only a few cents to almost 1000 USD per line of code. But they can also benefit the maintainability, dependability and safety of critical software. If failure risk costs are high, then the application of more expensive processes can actually reduce costs. Therefore it is important to understand...
Cyber-physical systems are slowly emerging to dominate our world. Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are systems that tightly integrates users, devices and software. Whereas many of these systems are obviously safety-critical systems, some of them become so under special circumstances. This is the case with our focus CPS, i.e. building management systems (BMS), which are not always safety critical per se,...
Static analysis tools are widely used in practice to improve the quality and reliability of software through early detection of defects. However, the number of alarms generated is a major concern because of the cost incurred in their manual inspection required to partition them into true errors and false positives. In this paper, we propose a static analysis to identify the causes of alarms generated...
Fundamentals of diversity and multi-version systems (MVS) are overviewed. Main concepts and taxonomy of multi-version computing, methods of diversity assessment and technologies of development are analyzed. Principle D3 (Defense-in-Depth&Diversity) is researched using FTA (failure tree analysis) to understand its influence on safety and security considering physical, design faults and attacks...
Assuring functional correctness of smart mobility platforms is a critical task for enhancing reliability and safety. Hierarchical State Transition Matrix (HSTM) is a popular software design language, which can also be used for designing fundamental software of smart mobility platforms. For HSTM designs with complex hierarchical structure, it is often helpful if paths, which lead from the first-time...
This work develops a new basis for evaluating the reliability benefits of diverse software, based on fault injection testing. In particular, the work investigates new forms of argumentation that could in principle be used to justify diversity as a basis for the construction of safety claims. Failure distributions of two versions of diverse software under various fault conditions are revealed separately...
The software reliability represents one of the most crucial aspects of functional safety. Software is used in almost any electronic systems. When a safety-critical system is considered, it has to be ensured that the software is able to fulfil the minimum safety requirements. If this is not the case, the software will have to be improved until the minimum requirements are fulfilled. Reliability growth...
Decreasing device sizes in integrated circuits lead to increasing vulnerability of hardware to errors resulting from radiation, crosstalk or power-supply disturbances. Especially in the automotive domain many tasks of electronics are safety relevant, so that solid error detection and correction is imperative. However, completely safe hardware is too expensive for the cost sensitive automotive market...
To deal with fail-operational (FO) requirements in today's safety-critical networked embedded systems (SCNES), engineers have to resort to concepts such as redundancy, monitoring, and special shutdown procedures. Hardware-based redundancy approaches are not applicable to many embedded systems domains (e.g., automotive systems), because of prohibitive costs. In this scenario, adaptability concepts...
The objective of this article is to introduce researchers to the software engineering challenges of an industry that is important to many of the economies of East Asia -- shipbuilding. Research in software technologies critical to this industry has lagged that of software research in other domains.
For safety critical systems, hardware is often preferred over software because it is easier to achieve safety goals in hardware alone and because hardware is considered more reliable than software. But as systems become more complex, software solutions will also be important. Here we demonstrate, using a simple example, that formal methods are a useful tool for developing software specifications for...
This work develops a new basis for evaluating the reliability benefits of diverse software, based on fault injection testing. In particular, the work investigates forms of argumentation that could be used to justify diversity as a basis for the construction of safety claims. Failure distributions of two versions of diverse software under various fault conditions are revealed separately by fault injection...
Considering characteristics of nuclear power plant digital instrumentation and control system, challenges of reliability assessment of digital instrumentation and control system are pointed out. As for its dynamic behavior and multi-states failure mode, limitation of traditional methods, research status and applicability of dynamic flowgraph methodology and other advance dynamic reliability assessment...
This paper addresses 30 major challenges faced by reliability engineers and managers in their work. The paper's title reflects problems and approaches collectively developed by four long-time members of an engineering services company upon the occasion of its 30th anniversary. These challenges are common in the Reliability/Safety/Maintenance Engineering community but not everyone recognizes them as...
Budget constraints and the difficulty to specify quality requirements, such as reliability, robustness, and safety present challenges to many software companies in particular if they develop safety-critical systems. Failing to specify this type of requirements properly can lead to misunderstandings between the developers and the customers, which can threaten the quality of the system. However, little...
Quality, Timeliness and Reliability are key parameters to meet the business goals of any organization. Each parameter plays an important role in terms of making the product effective, reliable and is released to market for use on time. Quality, Timeliness and Reliability (QTR) are the most important KPIs (key performance indicator) used for improving operational excellence. Various measures (e.g....
The original software reliability demonstration test (SRDT) takes no consideration of prior knowledge and priori distribution adequately, which costs a lot of time and resource. A new improved Bayesian based SRDT method was proposed. First, a framework for SRDT scheme was constructed. According to the framework the decreasing function was employed to construct the priori distribution density functions...
The determination of software reliability indices is the primary task in the software reliability engineering. The indices are taken as not only the basis for the software reliability design and the constraints during the software development process, but also the foundation of the software's acceptance. Software reliability indices are usually divided into quantitative indices and qualitative indices...
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