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Targeted drug delivery through the use of swimming microorganisms known as Magnetococcus marinus MC-1 magnetotactic bacteria (or MTB) [1] acting as nanorobots loaded with therapeutic agents has been demonstrated [2]. While the role of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in medicine and more specifically drug delivery enhancement is generally known [3], this study aims to couple the previously mentioned...
Whereas the directed evolution of stereoselective enzymes provides a useful tool in asymmetric catalysis, generality cannot be claimed because enzymes as catalysts are restricted to a limited set of reaction types. Therefore, a new concept has been proposed, namely directed evolution of hybrid catalysts in which proteins serve as hosts for anchoring ligand/transition metal entities. Accordingly, appropriate...
Copolymerization of methylmethacrylate (MMA) and the polymerisable surfactant (surfmer) p-(11(acrylamido)undecanoyloxy) — phenyldimethylsulfonium methylsulfate (AUPDS) by emulsion polymerization resulted p(MMAco-AUPDS) particles with a yield > 95%. The particle diameter depended on the surfmer feed concentration and was to be chosen in the range of 116 nm to 145 nm. The particle surface area per...
Glycosylation of proteins is the most complex form of posttranslational modification. Glycan chains of glycoproteins are involved in numerous biological recognition events, such as protein folding, cell–cell communication and adhesion, cell growth and differentiation, as well as bacterial and viral infection. As an alternative to glycoprotein synthesis, approaches to the construction of glycopeptide...
Nanostructured materials, due to their peculiar physical and chemical properties, constitute the new class of functional supports for specific innovative applications. There is a strong competition between synthetic, man-made nanostructured materials and those coming directly from nature: the first ones can be precisely tailored by properly design and fabrication; the second ones are directly available...
This chapter contains sections titled:
Introduction
General Considerations about PEG Reagents and PEGylation Reactions
PEGylation of Amino Groups
PEGylation of Thiol Groups
Reversible PEGylation
Enzymatic PEGylation
PEGylation of Carbohydrates Residues
PEGylation by Click Chemistry
Other PEGylations
Actual Trends
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
Vascular endothelial cells differentiated from pluripotent stem cells have potential in a variety of therapeutic areas such as tissue engineered vascular grafts and revascularization of ischemic tissues. However, there remain limitations in the control of stem cell differentiation into the desired functional phenotypes with current methods. During vascular development, it has been demonstrated that...
Nanomedicine is an emerging new field combining nanotechnology and medicine. Silica nanoparticles are chemical and biologically inert, optically transparent and can be doped with imaging agents and/or functionalized to promote its conjugation with different therapeutic molecules. Silica nanoparticles can be engineered to improve diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of diseases. A combination of diagnosis...
We report a highly sensitive imaging technology using surface-enhanced Raman scattering nanoparticles. Fluorescence microscopy is a well-known imaging technique which provides a specific protein distribution inside cells. However, most of currently available fluorescent organic dyes have relatively weak emission intensities and they are also photo-bleached quickly. In order to resolve this problem,...
We propose mono-, di-, or tri-probe functionalized water-soluble gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) (~2 nm) based on our aqueous-phase serial solid-phase monofunctionalization (monof-) approach. They exhibit both electrical and optical sensing capabilities when specifically coupled with distinctive one- or diametric-functionality. Using ferrocene redox derivative for electrical detection scheme, the monof-,...
Quantum dots (QDs) have received considerable attention due to their advantages and are widely used in biological studies, especially for multiplexed staining assays and immunological assays. Here we report an easy method for quantum dot synthesis and encapsulation, and use for efficient bioconjugation with secondary antibody. For the application of QDs-antibody conjugates, we approached a fast dot...
Highly proliferative cancer cells over express molecular markers such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). When specifically targeted gold nanoparticles bind to EGFR they tend to cluster on the cell membrane leading to an optical red-shift in the plasmon resonance frequency and an increase in absorption in the red region. These changes in optical properties provide the opportunity for photoacoustic...
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