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In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), efficient use of the nodes' available energy is the main goal which most of the routing protocols seek to achieve. In fact, clustering based routing protocols have gained vast approval due to its merit of less energy exhaustion. The expended energy by one cluster is divided into two main terms, namely, the expended energy in intra-cluster communication (Intra-term)...
Energy is one of the most precious resource in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) which is mainly consumed in communication, sensing and processing. Performance evaluation of WSN routing protocols primarily rely on simulation-based studies. Most of these studies only assume oversimplified First Order Radio Model (FORM) and ignore node's energy consumed in sensing and processing. This paper presents an...
The wireless sensor network has importance on account of recent improvement of information technology. Micro-electrical mechanical system is used to evolve sensors over the last past decades. The enormous numbers of sensors are redistributed for sensing as well as accumulating data from its neighborhood through routing protocol. Industrial township area yields smoke on account of burning of diesel,...
The WSN is a unique network and WSN contains sensors at huge scale as well as includes at least single base station. When building wireless sensor networks network there is critical issues are emerged such as preserving energy and load balancing. Lifetime of a sensor network is enhanced by implementing and mitigating energy consumption. Number of various parameters such as number of nodes, strength...
Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a collection of large number of self-organized types of sensors which chain together to monitor and record physical or environmental conditions (i.e. used to measure temperature, sound, pressure) and passes gathered information to the central location. WSN build bridge between real world and virtual environment, which makes it more utilizable for many applications...
The use of hierarchical structure in a wireless sensor network such as the Smart Grid can significantly improve monitoring networks through the use of data aggregation techniques. This reduces the processing at the central server as well as allowing for localized processing and decision-making at the nodes. However, existing routing protocols such as LEACH suffer from limited support for upstream...
A wireless sensor network could be either homogeneous network or heterogeneous network. Depending upon the nature of application requirements a wireless sensor node could either be static or mobile one. When the nodes are static, data collection by the sink from various sources will be difficult and time consuming process. Also static deployment of sink as well as source nodes lead to energy hole...
A sensor network consisting of hundreds to thousands of small and limited powered nodes with a processing unit called sink or base station connected wirelessly is called a wireless sensor network. It is considerably reasonable to design and develop these small, limited powered sensing nodes with low cost. As these nodes are limited battery powered therefore energy conservation is a key issue. Various...
In Wireless Sensor Networks, Sensors are generally battery powered devices. This networks is used to gather various kinds of information to Base station (BS). They consist of computational power, storage capacity, energy supply are the important issues in their energy constraint. To maximize the network lifetime, we need not only to minimize total energy consumption and also balance WSN load. In this...
Recent achievements in wireless sensor networks have enabled the use of tiny and inexpensive sensors with the ability of sensing large information and propagating over large distances. But the most important concern with wireless sensor network is, the node sensing range is very small, Low storage and limited energy resources. So to overcome this type of problem efficient energy planning should be...
In Wireless Sensor Network, the communication generally takes higher energy than other operations like sensing and data processing. So the traffic reduction in communication is one of the most important concern for prolong the life of sensors. This paper presents three traffic reduction techniques based on dominating set. In the first approach base station is dynamically relocate to the sensing area...
Wireless sensor networks represent an innovative prototype for extracting data from the environment for various applications. It consist of various sensors which send their sensed data to base station. So energy preservation is a key issue for sensor nodes as they have restricted power. This has led to a number of routing scheme for maximizing the network lifetime. In this paper we have enhanced the...
Most of the routing protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) generally optimize for limited capabilities. Security is a serious concern. This paper proposes a novel method to bring in security into Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) routing protocol. One of the main security issues in DSDV routing is that all nodes are assumed to be trustworthy. This makes the wireless sensor network...
Wireless sensor network (WSN) compriseslost cost sensors, either static or mobile. Mobility of wireless sensors throws new research challenges to the researchers, particularly in energy consumption and development of routing protocols. This paper attempts to propose a new energy efficient routing technique for the mobile nodes in WSN where every position-aware mobile node predicts its location and...
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have their profound applications almost in all possible fields to facilitate automation. All WSNs contain low powered nodes for sensing information about the environmental conditions and incessant reporting to the base station. Security is a very essential and critical criterion for communication. The nodes must be trust worthy and believable for routing sensed information...
In order to be more suitable for underground coal mine tunnel, network models for chain-type wireless sensor network are built, and a 3D uniformed network deployment method is proposed firstly in this paper. Then, a zoning method composed of energy balance strategy and cluster head election strategy is discussed, which is quite different from the commonly used hierarchy and cluster strategy. Finally,...
Hierarchical routing having cluster based topology is a very propitious approach for improving throughput. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are distributed networks consisting of sensors deployed randomly to oversee an inaccessible area. Sensors operate on limited battery-power. The goal of WSN is to improve network lifetime and reliability with improved throughput. Limited energy resource is the main...
Nowadays, the wireless sensor networks have critical applications in the environmental monitoring, medical, security, industrial and military fields. The forest fire detection as a monitoring network is one of these applications. Sensors collect dynamic changes such as temperature, humidity, smoke, atmospheric pressure and forward those to a single node or a base station. These informations are sent...
Sink Mobility is becoming popular due to excellent load balancing between nodes and ultimately resulting in prolonged network lifetime and throughput. A major challenge is to provide reliable and energy-efficient operations are to be taken into consideration for different mobility patterns of sink. Aim of this paper is lifetime maximization of Delay Tolerant Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) through...
This work focusses on analyzing the optimization strategies of routing protocols with respect to energy utilization of sensor nodes in Wireless Sensor Network (WSNs). Different routing mechanisms have been proposed to address energy optimization problem in sensor nodes. Clustering mechanism is one of the popular WSNs routing mechanisms. In this paper, we first address energy limitation constraints...
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