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The goal of this chapter is to evaluate the efficiency of three versions of the well known gossip algorithm, namely: basic gossip, push-sum and broadcast, for the distributed solution of averaging problems. The main focus is on the impact of link failures that, reducing the network connectivity, decrease the convergence speed. As a similar effect occurs in non-fully-meshed networks, because of a limited...
This paper addresses sensor network applications which need to obtain an accurate image of physical phenomena and do so with a high sampling rate in both time and space. We present a fast and scalable approach for obtaining an approximate representation of all sensor readings at high sampling rate for quickly reacting to critical events in a physical environment. This approach is an improvement on...
Rebreather diving systems have many advantages with respect to standard open circuit system (or SCUBA). They offer higher gas efficiency together with silent and bubble free diving. Moreover instead of cold and dry gas found in open circuit systems the diver takes advantage of a warm and humid breathing gas. While most rebreathers require intensive training and high technical understanding, the Poseidon...
This chapter describes the development of an embedded data logging platform for research in diving physiology. It records oxygen saturation (sO2) and other physiological parameters like heart rate and 2-channel electrocardiography, plus physical parameters like water temperature and water pressure in real time. All measured data is stored on a SD-Card in text-files. Thus easy processing with standard...
This paper presents the implementation of an intelligent sensor interface embedded system, compliant with the new IEEE 1451 family of standards for smart networked transducers, integrating on-chip the mixed-signal processing chain plus data fusion and communication digital resources. As application case study, a gas leak detection system for H2-based vehicles is presented.
Future manycore systems-on-chip will employ packet-switched, multi-hop interconnection networks-on-chip (NoC). In order to cope with disturbances from, e.g., faults or local traffic overload, some degree of intelligence and adaptivity has to be built into NoC switches. They need to know about their own and their environment’s fault and traffic status and take this information into account when making...
Communication architecture is a crucial part of the design for performances and power constraints in modern multicore systems on chip. A SystemC class library and relative tools for comparing different Network-on-Chip (NoC) architectures and investigating communication bottlenecks is presented in this chapter. NoCs are compared by statistical analysis of packet delays and power dissipation is evaluated...
This chapter addresses the problem of functional verification of IP cores to be integrated in complex embedded systems. After analyzing the limits of methods based on HDL testbenches or formal verification, a pseudo-random coverage-driven approach is presented (verification environment design guidelines together with a final coverage report summary) and applied to a novel Router IP core design, a...
The availability of microcontrollers with medium/high performance at ever decreasing costs, enables the development of applications running on architectures composed of different processing elements suitably connected with each other. An electronic musical instrument typically includes an application processor and a set of peripheral microcontrollers that perform specific functions; the availability...
We present a novel hardware algorithm for scheduling tasks with dependency constraints on multicore architectures. This algorithm provides a deadlock-free scheduling over a large class of architectures by employing a generalization of a fundamental algorithm by Tomasulo. Performance measurements show that the proposed algorithm can deliver higher performance than a large increase in the number of...
In comparison to event-triggered systems, the time-triggered paradigm enhances the design flow with the definition of the system timing behavior. This approach provides positive aspects with regards to the development of predictable systems. However, the migration to a time-triggered scheme presents different challenges such as the efficient definition and management of timing information during the...
A very compact and high performance datalogger for automotive in-vehicle testing is here described. The small logger dimensions and the availability of a CAN interface allows to easily implement multiple and distributed acquisition schemes, very challenging with traditional instrumentation. Through a very accurate hardware and software design, an acquisition rate of 100 Ksps per channel has been reached...
This work describes a Network Service Access (NSA) layer that enables transparent interoperability between applications running on top of a car-gateway middleware and devices in a UPnP network. Special attention is dedicated to the challenge of bridging standards and applying them to on-board embedded systems like connected to a car-gateway or vehicular networks. Best efforts are focused on providing...
Bayesian networks are around more than 20 years by now. During the past decade they became quite popular in the scientific community. Researchers from application areas like psychology, biomedicine and finance have applied these techniques successfully. In the area of control engineering however, little progress has been made in the application of Bayesian networks. We believe that these techniques...
The increasing complexity of embedded system software in combination with the frequent requirement for safety and/or security calls for a new approach towards embedded system software architecture. Similar to server systems, which went through the problems of escalating software complexity years ago, virtualization could also prove useful in the context of embedded systems since it allows to divide...
There are many environments in which wrong decisions may cause severe problems. The crucial issue is to detect the point of transition from a well-thought decision into a decision taken under stress. Sensors support monitoring of human behavior and tracking of individual biometric parameters. As a test case, a stock trader has been selected since this scenario where the stress factor occurs quite...
The drive towards standardization in the automotive sector puts a lot of pressure on software suppliers to comply with standards such as OSEK and AUTOSAR. However, many of these suppliers have a vested interest in proprietary software and are seeking ways to migrate their existing code base to comply with these standards. This paper reports on a feasibility study to migrate an automotive off-highway...
This work proposes an autonomous energy scavenger battery-free switching power supply. A piezoelectric transducer is used to get electric energy from a mechanical vibrating source. Piezoelectric device has been modelled by means of its equivalent electric resonant model. All system has been designed and then simulated at system level by means of SystemC-WMS environment. The device make use of a full...
While device technologies continue to shrink, the careful management of the signal integrity issues in Systems-on-Chip is becoming more important due to its impact to delay and power consumption. A class of two novel bus encoding schemes exhibiting temporal redundancy is proposed to cope with the energy problems of long on-chip links. The proposed encodings induce no wiring overhead and at the same...
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