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Aims Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection is one of the most common serious bacterial infections worldwide. It represents a heterogenous clinical entity with a high risk of metastatic complications and a high in-hospital mortality ranging between 20 and 30%. The outcome can be improved by optimised diagnostic and therapeutic management. Thus, our minireview should provide important and often...
Background Infection with Rickettsia parkeri is an emerging tick-borne illness, often accompanied by fever and an eschar at the site of tick attachment. We present three cases of R. parkeri in Virginia residents. Case presentations Case 1 presented initially afebrile, failed to seroconvert to rickettsial antigens, and was diagnosed by DNA testing of the eschar. Case 2 presented febrile with eschar,...
Background Gonococcal infection can present with wide spectrum of symptoms, most commonly involving the genitals. This case highlights a rare presentation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection primarily with skin involvement without uro-genital disease. Case A 33-year-old male was admitted to the hospital with complaints of painful swelling of his penis. In the emergency room, he underwent incision...
Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T) for treating extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (XDR-PA) infections, and to analyze whether high C/T dosing (2 g ceftolozane and 1 g tazobactam every 8 h) and infection source control have an impact on outcome. Methods Retrospective study of all consecutive patients treated with C/T for...
Background Vaccination against hepatitis A virus infection is recommended for men who have sex with men and other risk groups. The protection offered by the combined hepatitis A and B vaccine is comparable to that offered by the monovalent hepatitis A vaccine. Case A 38-year-old HIV-positive patient presented with right upper abdominal pain, fever and jaundice. Serological work-up and detection...
Background Increased risk of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis after influenza infection has been reported; however data are limited. Purpose To describe Invasive fungal infections (IFI) associated with preceding respiratory viral infection at a large referral center. Methods We reviewed all IFI cases among patients with positive influenza and/or RSV nasopharyngeal/lower respiratory tract PCR from...
Purpose Patients with hematological malignancies (HMs) are at a higher risk for bloodstream infections (BSIs), which pose significant burden on morbidity and mortality. Better risk stratification helps in medical decision making, increasing efficiency and reducing economic burden. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a reliable prediction model which can be used to identify HM patients...
Introduction Early treatment remains the most effective HIV prevention strategy; poor linkage to care after HIV diagnosis may compromise this benefit. We sought to better understand patient characteristics and their association with virological suppression (VS) following cART initiation. Methods The TAK project collects pre-linkage to care and clinical data on patients diagnosed with HIV in voluntary...
Purpose Little is known about risk factors for the outcome of pulmonary mucormycosis. We summarized characteristics of this rare disease, and systemically explored risk factors for the outcome. Methods Ninety-two patients with pulmonary mucormycosis, including 12 patients at Peking Union Medical College Hospital and 80 patients published in 62 articles between 2006 and 2016, were retrospectively...
Purpose Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a parasitic disease caused by the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato. Although in Hungary the disease is listed among reportable infections, inadequacies in the reporting practice of CE by clinicians and pathologists have resulted in underscoring of this disease. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of...
Purpose To assess incidence rate, risk factors and susceptibility patterns associated with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae in community-acquired urinary tract infections (CA-UTIs). Methods A prospective, case-control study was conducted at a tertiary teaching hospital from Jan 2015 to Dec 2016. The results of microbiology cultures were...
Whipple’s disease usually presents as chronic joint pain followed by digestive manifestations. However, many different presentations have been described in the literature. We report here the first proven case of muscular vasculitis related to Whipple’s disease, associated with an expansion of circulating activated γδ T lymphocytes.
Background Fungal infections of the central nervous system (FIs-CNS) have become significantly more common over the past 2 decades. Invasion of the CNS largely depends on the immune status of the host and the virulence of the fungal strain. Infections with fungi cause a significant morbidity in immunocompromised hosts, and the involvement of the CNS may lead to fatal consequences. Methods One hundred...
Purpose Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) is a common area of antimicrobial misuse. The aim of this study was to explore the social dynamics that influence the use of SAP. Methods 20 surgeons and anaesthetists from a tertiary referral hospital in Australia participated in semi-structured interviews focusing on experiences and perspectives on SAP prescribing. Interview data were analysed using...
Purpose Diagnosis of tuberculous uveitis (TBU) is often challenging and is usually made after excluding other causes of uveitis. We analysed the characteristics of TBU and variables associated with visual outcome. Methods A retrospective, observational analysis was performed in patients with presumptive TBU who were started on specific TB treatment between January 2006 and June 2016. Demographic,...
Purpose This case-case-control study aims to identify clinical predictors for pneumonia due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) which is (1) susceptible to all routinely tested antipseudomonal beta-lactams (APBL-S) and (2) resistant to at least one antipseudomonal beta-lactam (APBL-R). Methods Hospitalized adults with acute bacterial pneumonia at Palmetto Health hospitals in Columbia, SC, USA from January...
Purpose An early adequate antifungal therapy based on the knowledge of local epidemiology can reduce the candidemia-attributable mortality and the length of hospitalization. We performed a retrospective study to analyze the epidemiology of candidemia and the antifungal consumption in our hospital. Methods We analyzed Candida spp. isolated from the blood, and their susceptibility profile from 2005...
Introduction We investigated 170 HBsAg-positive immigrants living in Italy for 1–7 years to ascertain whether they may have become infected in the host country. Methods Of 2032 adult immigrants interviewed, 1727 (85%) voluntarily adhered to a screening program for bloodborne or sexually transmitted infections. HBsAg was detected in 170 (9.8%) screened immigrants who completed the diagnostic, clinical...
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