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A practical method for analysis and tuning of the inductive-power-transfer (IPT) systems with dual secondary windings is presented. The frequency-domain analysis of the complete system in steady-state operation provides flexibility of any combination of secondary side compensation schemes. The proposed method facilitates understanding of IPT systems through a systematic approach to design and tuning...
This paper studies what are needed to enable the standardization of Vehicle Grid Integration (VGI). The requirements of interoperable VGI are examined at multiple interoperability layers defined by reference architecture models, including European Commission's Mandate 490 (EU-M490), National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Smart Grid Architectural Methodology (SGAM), and the Institute...
Safety-critical applications like Electronic Power Steering (EPS) systems demand highest reliability of electrical drives in automotive applications. Based on safety standards and associated requirements, the availability can be raised significantly through redundant system structures. In case of critical faults complete loss of steering assistance can be prevented by using different control methods...
Although coils for Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) works on the fundamental principle of Ampere's and Faraday's laws, on which conventional transformers work, there is difference in approach required for designing coils for IPT than designing a conventional transformer. Because of the complex design of some IPT coils and the increasing emphasis on the magnetic field strength of such systems, Finite...
The demand for higher power density in electric traction applications has led to compact design requirements for traction drives complicating its thermal management. Therefore, the traction drive's thermal management has to be addressed by its design and/or control. Normally, the traction inverter becomes the bottleneck in providing the transient rated peak torque at zero and near zero speeds due...
This paper proposes a new modeling and control design methodology to enable active damping of power-split hybrid-electric powertrains, so as to meet driver torque demands, stabilize desired engine operating points, and improve passenger comfort by suppressing powertrain oscillations. A two-input two-output controller consisting of regulator and estimator subsystems is systematically designed on the...
Switched doubly-fed machines (DFM) offer unique opportunities for creating drives for wide speed range operation with reduced power converter requirements. Seamless performance of the drive is desirable in these applications across the complete speed range, that is, a smooth transition between operating modes and speed ranges. This paper presents a comparison of two switched-DFM drive topologies based...
Coordination and scheduling the charging of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) in parking lots integrated with photovoltaic (PV) system presents both unique opportunities and challenges. In most of the cases PHEVs are assumed to stay in the parking lot for several hours. To facilitate the maximum usage of PV power, the charging times of PHEVs have to be scheduled to coincide with the periods...
This paper presents a software framework of smart management systems of plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) charging services. The proposed management system aims at the economic operation of a micro grid-like public charging facility with multiple on-site renewable energy generations (e.g., rooftop photovoltaic panels). The overall objective is to maximize the charging facility's net revenue by optimizing...
Power electronics technology demontrators for electric vehicle drivetrains are primarily designed to demonstrate the feasibility of novel technical approaches rather than for simple integration into vehicle communication networks. Documentation related to integration issues is often limited. Communication protocols are heterogeneous and tend to change frequently during the development process. Higher...
Aiming to increase the vehicle performance, a method for real time monitoring of critical drive components is presented. Using the example of an interior permanent magnet machine, with gearbox attached, on the rear axle for a hybrid electric vehicle, a lumped parameter thermal model is introduced. Based on this analytic model, which is verified using measurements, a reduced model capable of real time...
Permanent magnet synchronous motors are preferred for high-performance applications because of their high power density and efficiency. Particularly, interior permanent magnet (IPM) synchronous motors are typically used in electric or hybrid vehicles due to their high efficiency and field weakening capability. One of the most important design considerations for IPM machines is the torque ripple, which...
Batteries come in many different shapes and sizes. Determining which one is best for a particular application is straightforward in some cases and ambiguous in others. When hundreds or thousands of cells are combined into packs, the choice of shape is far from obvious. All too often, these decisions are made based on convenience or cost without fully considering the pack-level effects. This paper...
This paper describes a DC-link discharge device that is smaller and cheaper than conventional resistor or PTC-based solutions. The basic idea is to use the switching element (IGBT, Mosfet), that is usually controlling the PTC or resistor, in a linear mode and decrease the maximum power by shifting the discharge curve from an uncontrolled square voltage dependent curve to a roughly constant power characteristic...
In this study, a novel common mode multi-phase half-wave semi-synchronous rectifier is investigated for applications in wireless energy transfer. The circuit is intended to alleviate variations of the load resistance or coupling coefficient factor while maintaining high efficiency. The proposed rectifier structure is based on the connection of semi-controlled multiple half-wave rectifier topology...
In the future, Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) will replace conventional vehicles. This massive deployment of PHEVs will create challenges of integration on power system. A major one is the aging rate of the transformers which supply residential areas. So, it's necessary to propose solutions to minimize the impacts caused by PHEVs. This paper assesses the benefits on the life duration of...
A hybrid energy storage system topology which combines battery and ultracapacitor at the cell level is proposed. In each hybrid cell, lithium-ion cell and ultracapacitor cell are connected through a bi-directional converter for power split. This configuration provides more flexible control capability. In order to observe the internal state and chemical processes of the battery, the single particle...
Environmental concerns and depletion of fossil fuel resources have led to increased penetration of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) in recent times. However, such electrification of the transportation sector is expected to impact the distribution grid adversely. These effects will require local distribution companies (LDCs) to accurately assess the impact of PEV penetration and develop plans, policies...
In this paper, a novel state-of-charge (SOC) estimation method is proposed for lithium-ion battery packs of electric vehicles. An equivalent circuit model, which comprises an open circuit voltage source and a resistance-capacitance network connected in series, is built for each cell to characterize its dynamic and static performance. Then, the EKF is applied to calculate each cell's SOC. By calculating...
This paper proposes a simple space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) scheme for operating a three-phase three-level neutral-point clamped (NPC) voltage source inverter (VSI) at higher modulation indexes, including overmodulation region. Generally, the overmodulation techniques for SVPWM inverter need to store lots of data in the controller beforehand, which produces a huge memory while the control...
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