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Fretting degradation has long been recognized as a major failure mechanism for electrical connector systems. In certain circumstances, such as for vehicle applications, connectors are exposed to exterior environments and could easily be infiltrated by dust and other particulate contaminants through the housing or during the mating process. The presence of particulate contaminants during vibration...
Land grid array (LGA) sockets are currently used for industry standard and custom microprocessors to meet the increased performance challenges for a variety of server applications. Along with the need for increased high speed signaling capabilities comes the challenge to support lower voltages and higher currents. Typical testing that is conducted by the LGA socket suppliers does not provide an accurate...
Plug-in connectors with contact lamellas, so-called Multilams, are distinguished by multifaceted application possibilities and various dimensions. The Multilams investigated in this paper are used for high current applications and consist of age-hardened copper beryllium (CuBe2) characterised by high mechanical strength, great spring properties and also good electrical conductivity. The ageing of...
In recent years, there has been increasing demand to miniaturize wiring harness connectors in automobiles due to the increasing volume of electronic equipment and the reduction of the installation space allocated for the electronic equipment in automobiles for the comfort of the passengers. With this demand, contact failure caused by the fretting corrosion seems to become a serious problem in the...
In photovoltaic systems a large amount of electrical connectors has been used in the combination of serial and parallel structures of the modules. Due to the high DC voltages and the aging of the systems, long-lasting arc faults can occur which may cause serious fires. As an initial step to develop sensor-devices for detecting arc faults in photovoltaic systems, a test set-up consisting of several...
Two of the major drivers for fretting corrosion are vibration and thermal cycling, with most previous studies focusing on experimental evaluation. It would be useful to develop and test a strategy for using computer modeling techniques to simulate the effects of vibration and thermal cycling induced fretting corrosion. Toward this end, finite element models are developed for a single blade/receptacle...
For automotive applications, the mechanical behaviour of the contact area under vibrations is one of the key factors for connector reliability. Such vibrations are typically in the range of 10-2000 Hz and result in displacements of only a few microns, at the contact interface. In the present study, a bench test has been developed to control more representative motions down to 1 μm. The objective is...
Relatively little is known about the fretting mechanism of high power connectors used in hybrid vehicles, even though the vehicles are widely being introduced to the market. This work experimentally investigates the fretting mechanisms of silver-plated high power connectors caused by vibrations. In order to emulate operational and environmental effects, a test stand was designed that is capable of...
It is very important to predict the force-contact resistance relation for the virtual connector designing. In this study, the prediction of electrical contact resistance in various cases was examined. The specimens consisted of a copper alloy with tin or silver plating. To predict the contact resistance at each contact force, the relationship between contact resistance and contact force were separated...
A tin (Sn)-plated surface Is usually covered with tin oxide film such as SnO. The tin oxide film influences greatly contact resistance characteristics. Therefore, it is important to study contact resistance characteristics under low contact load. In this study, a growth law of the oxide film (relationship between film thickness and exposure time) was found for exposure temperature range from 25°C...
The long-term behaviour of bolted joints used in high current systems is influenced by different ageing mechanisms. One of these mechanisms is the degradation of the joint force depending on temperature and time. If the joint force falls below a critical value, the joint resistance, the thermal dissipation and thereby the temperature of the joint can increase to a critical level. According to IEC...
In the past decade, the general public's means of transportation has begun to undergo a radical transformation, moving away from only using gasoline and moving toward using a combination of gasoline and electricity. One parameter that shouldn't stand in the way is the overall reliability of the electric vehicle, which is dependent upon the electric connections between the power source and the motor...
Chlorine dioxide gas was used to decontaminate several major buildings in the United States following the anthrax letter attacks in 2001. US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) are interested in generating specific data on the impact of chlorine dioxide (CIO2) decontamination on electronic equipment, to better understand the usefulness and limitations...
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