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Pupillometry is used clinically to evaluate retinal and optic nerve health by measuring pupillary function in response to light stimuli. We have developed an algorithm using murine pupillometric measurements to automate the analysis of pupillometric data. The raw data is filtered and thresholding is used to remove data caused by eye blinking, loss of pupil tracking, and/or head movement. Twelve physiologically...
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is accompanied by a loss of proteoglycans (PGs) in the nucleus pulposus (NP), resulting in a loss of charged chondroitin sulfate (CS) chains, decreasing mechanical function of the disc. PG mimics may be employed to restore NP functionality. Synthesis of CS bottle brush structures requires immobilization of CS at its terminal end. In this study, we have investigated...
Diffuse optical imaging of the peripheral vascular reactivity is implemented at the major arteries of the foot. Transmitted light intensities are recorded in response to vascular occlusions induced by pressure cuffs. These dynamic measurements promise to help identify various peripheral vascular diseases.
Recent discoveries demonstrate that the brain can be remodeled after stroke, principally through new synaptic generation. Task-specific & repetitive training are critical factors in promoting this synaptic generation & are central components in rehabilitation of upper extremity (UE) motor weakness following stroke. Virtual reality (VR) based therapy have been shown to be effective at facilitating...
This paper presents a comparative analysis of the radiation characteristics for a rectangular loop antenna and a short dipole antenna, placed under the scalp, at the MICS, GPS, and ISM frequency bands. These antennas are evaluated at 402, 915, 1575, and 2450 MHz in an anatomically defined head model using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. This evaluation shows the impact of human head...
Pulse oximeters are used worldwide as a non-intrusive way to monitor a patient's pulse and blood-oxygen saturation instantaneously. The purpose of this design is to examine the possibility of using a simple microcontroller to measure pulse and blood-oxygen saturation in real time, as well as the level of difficulty and learning curve associated with assigning such a task as a senior capstone design...
A portable and automated vital sign data acquisition device and triage information system has been devised to improve the efficacy and efficiency of the triage process in hospital Emergency Departments. The system is comprised of: 1) a microcontroller-based data-acquisition device 2) off-the-shelf and proprietary sensor components 3) a PDA with barcode scanner 4) a networked patient information database.
The purpose of this study is to develop biodegradable nerve guidance conduits seeded with Schwann cells (SC) using chitosan-based biopolymers for improving nerve regeneration. Chitosan, prepared from alkaline hydrolysis of chitin, is a natural polysaccharide biopolymer, having biocompatibility and biodegradability. In this study, chitosan and chitosan-gelatin membranes were prepared, characterized,...
Vertically aligned carbon nanofiber (VACNF) electrode arrays were tested for their potential application in recording neuro-chemical activity. Because the electrodes are carbon-based, these arrays have potential advantages over metal electrodes and could enable a variety of future applications as precise, informative, and biocompatible neural interfaces. Dopamine (DA) concentrations were recorded...
This research used the Infomax ICA algorithm to search for independent circuits within the functional activity evoked during saccadic and vergence tracking fMRI experiments. Image processing determined independent components from each subject's data and then identified which components had high correlation between subjects. Using the individual independent components that had high correlation between...
The focus of this paper is to investigate the significance of the cerebral vascular enhancement effect on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) datasets and in establishing appropriate DTI imaging protocols. Two DTI scans are performed on each subject during the same imaging session. Between DTI scans, 22 minutes of a visual tracking experiment and 3 minutes of an alternating breath hold experiment are performed...
Particulate zinc oxide (ZnO) is a known antibacterial agent. Studies show that reducing the size of ZnO particles to nanoscale dimensions further enhances their antibacterial properties. Polymers, like all biomaterials, run the risk of harboring bacteria which may produce an antibiotic-resistant biofilm. The addition of ZnO nanoparticles, to form a composite, may reduce undesirable bacteria activity...
Visual fatigue is defined as weariness or discomfort localized in either the head or the eye after a visually demanding task. The etiology of visual fatigue is insufficiently understood in vision research. This study investigates the correlation between changes of near-dissociated phoria versus vergence dynamics defined as the ratio of convergence average peak velocity to divergence average peak velocity...
Wear-debris particles from ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and metals has been implicated in periprosthetic osteolysis and cellular response to them depend on their size and dose. Response to larger particles has been previously studied, but there are no specific studies examining biological response to simultaneous administration of both UHMWPE and Ti particles less than 0.2??m in...
As with all surgical procedures, implantation comes with the added risk of infection. The inability of antibacterial therapy to treat persistent infection demonstrates the need for a more advanced therapeutic approach. The goal of this proposal is, for the first time, to use superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) to treat infection on biomedical devices. The hypothesis of this study is...
This study's aim is to ascertain whether the amount of saccades during convergence has any relation to a person's preference of progressive additive lenses (PALs). Since patients who are better adapters to PALs have faster vergence dynamics, we presume those who do not adapt well must have an alternative to compensate for their slower vergence system. The goal of this experiment is to compare the...
This paper presents the design of the latest game aimed at gross motor movement training of the upper extremity for NJIT RAVR system, which already employs various games to help stroke patients in rehabilitation. The unique feature of this game is to aid motor function of patients that come to use in day to day life like making use of hands, fingers and shoulders to pick small objects on table, moving...
This study tests the hypothesis that bone's tissue level elastic and viscoelastic mechanical properties are altered by dehydration and that rehydration can be used to recover changes to bone's mechanical properties. When samples were exposed to short periods of dehydration(24 hours) during sample preparation trabecular bone elastic modulus increased 36%(p < 0.05) and tan ?? decreased 33%(p <...
The purpose of this study was to develop and compare two control algorithms that could potentially utilize two channels of surface electromyogram (EMG) to navigate electromechanical devices such as a powered wheelchair in all directions, i.e. forward (F), backward (B), right (R), and left (L). The first algorithm uses a non-timed muscle twitch to change between six modes (F, B, FR, FL, BR and BL),...
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus, and despite many years of research it continues to be the major cause of blindness in adults. Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which transport across the inner Blood Retinal Barrier (iBRB) is regulated is a key step for the discovery of improved means to control vascular permeability and loss of...
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