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A variety of extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds have been promising in various tissue engineering applications, such as the porcine small intestinal submucosa. Yet no particular scaffolds have been optimal for vocal fold regeneration. The decellularized human umbilical vein (HUV) is a novel allogeneic scaffold that has shown some promise for cardiovascular tissue engineering. This study examines...
To investigate whether vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) increases cancer cell adhesion to intact microvessels, we measured adhesion rates of MDA-MB-435s human breast cancer cells in the postcapillary venule of rat mesentery by in vivo video microscopy. An individual postcapillary venule in the mesentery was cannulated via a glass micropipette filled with cancer cells and 1% BSA Ringer solution...
CD151 plays an important role in the regulation of cell migration, vascular morphogenesis, and cancer metastasis. Many of these processes are related to the strength of cell-matrix attachment. In this study, traction force microscopy (TFM) was used to determine whether knockdown of CD151 in endothelial cells would lead to a significant modification in cell-matrix adhesion. Human dermal microvascular...
Current delivery systems for vaccines present major logistical problems when large populations need to be vaccinated within a short time period, such as in the case of a pandemic. An efficient and effective method for pandemic vaccination is the driving force of the research performed by our group. The proposed alternative vaccination technique consists of a self-administrable patch made of electrospun...
Our objective is to develop a highly miniaturized, solid-phase platform for assaying the function and inhibition of integral membrane proteins (IMPs). To functionalize materials with active membrane proteins, the challenge is to build stabilized, supported biomembranes in which the substrate to biomembrane spacing can be controlled to accommodate larger membrane protein. The silica microsphere (5...
Rotator cuff tears are among the most common shoulder injuries that require surgery. High failure rates of biological graft-based repairs underscore the need for functional alternatives. In this study, effects of nanofiber organization on adhesion of cuff fibroblasts (hRCF) and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) are evaluated. It is hypothesized that fiber alignment will regulate cell morphology...
SDF-1α has been implicated in the post-traumatic neuroinflammatory cascade. We quantified the effect of SDF-1α on neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation. We found that the SDF-1α-CXCR4 axis can be manipulated so that the proliferative capacity of this chemokine can be separated and controlled. We have successfully modulated the proliferative activity of SDF-1α by preventing its binding...
Rotator cuff tears are among the most common shoulder injuries that require surgery. High failure rates of biological graft-based repairs underscore the need for functional alternatives. Specifically, functional grafts must incorporate the gradient of mineralization from tendon to bone in order to be biomimetic. In this study, effects of varying concentrations of mineral content in aligned nanofiber...
PLGA (poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid) has been widely used as a biomaterial in regenerative medicine due to its biocompatibility and biodegradability. The purpose of the present in vitro research was to prepare PLGA films with various nanometer surface features and determine whether lung cancer epithelial cells respond differently to such topographies. Different size polystyrene beads were used to cast...
Epithelial-stromal interactions play a crucial role in normal embryonic development and carcinogenesis of the human breast while the underlying mechanisms of these events remain poorly understood. Here, we constructed a physiologically relevant, 3D culture surrogate of complex human breast tissue that included a tri-culture system made up of human mammary epithelial cells (MCF10A), fibroblasts and...
The goal of this study is the complete simulation of the structural and the functional components of the extra-cellular matrix using semi-synthetic polysaccharides for tissue engineering applications.
This paper reports a new method to induce osteogenic differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Singly dissociated hESCs treated with ROCK inhibitor Y27632 were plated on type I fibrillar collagen (FC) coatings and achieved a high rate of survival. After culturing in osteogenic medium for 10 d, several cell colonies developed on the coatings. Cells forming the colonies showed homogenous,...
The primary cilium, a hair-like projection from the cellular membrane, is involved in fluid flow sensing. In this study, the primary cilium is modeled as a thin beam undergoing large deflection due to fluid drag forces. For the first time, the bending response is analyzed with a model combining large angle rotations with the assumption of a linear drag force along the ciliary length. The model is...
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) hold promise either as an in vitro model recapitulating early embryonic development or as a renewable source of therapeutically useful cells. However, 2D culture system, which is still generally utilized in ESCs differentiation strategies, has greatly impeded our learning more information about ESCs proliferation/differentiation in situ. Here, a high aspect ratio vessel...
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been shown to increase the adhesion of human breast cancer cells to human brain endothelium [1]. However, how VEGF accomplishes this is not well understood. We hypothesize that VEGF compromises the integrity of brain microvascular endothelium is one mechanism to increase the tumor cell adhesion. To test our hypothesis, using a Transwell system, we measured...
Osteocytes exhibit solid-like viscoelastic behavior in response to mechanical stresses. The goal of this study was to determine the viscoelastic properties of osteocytes using a combined finite element analysis (FE) modeling and experimental approach. The three-dimensional (3D) cell shape of the osteocyte under fluid flow was reconstructed using using a novel pseudo-3D microscopy technique. The cell...
Tissue engineering within three-dimensional scaffolds represents a developing field with the potential to create in vitro livers. Human liver cells, HepG2, respond to cues in their immediate microenvironment by modulating cell functions including cell proliferation, urea synthesis and drug metabolism. The importance of three-dimensional environments draws from the fact that it has been extensively...
The migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and fibroblasts into the intima after vascular injury is a central process in vascular lesion formation. The elevation of transmural interstitial flow is also observed after damage to the vascular endothelium. We have previously shown that interstitial flow promotes vascular cell motility in 3-D collagen I gels via upregulation of MMP-1. In this...
ECM is useful in providing growth and support to the cells as well as engineered tissues. There are various techniques for producing artificial matrix constructs to simulate the ECM. These include wet spinning, phase separation, dry spinning, and electrospinning. Electrospinning has advantages over other techniques as it can produce scaffolds which have a high surface area to volume ratio. Electrospinning...
It is critical to fabricate ideal scaffolds for tissue engineered vascular graft. Nanofibers composted with collagen, elastin and polycaprolactone (PCL) were prepared by electrospinning. The obtained composite fibers had an average diameter around 300-500 nm. Mouse smooth muscles cells and endothelial cells cultured on these composite fibrous meshes showed enhanced cell attachment and accelerated...
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