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Time and again, humanitarian decision-makers are confronted with stress and pressure, distorted, lacking and uncertain information, and thus they are working in conditions that are known to introduce or enforce biases. Decision analysis has been designed to overcome such biases, and a network of “digital responders” organized over the Internet has set out to improve judgments by providing better information...
Canines are commonly used for various police force tasks that help a human maintain situational awareness. One area where canines provide an enhanced search capability is manhunt tracking missions because of their ability to pick up a target's scent and lead a human to a missing person or runaway fugitive. It is common during for these manhunt missions to involve several police agencies that each...
Motorcyclists face a unique set of challenges when operating on public streets and highways. In addition to hazards relevant to automobiles, motorcycle riders must remain vigilant for hazards that pose significant danger uniquely to motorcycles (e.g., uneven terrain, sand/gravel, potholes); however, there is currently no motorcycle-specific hazard tracking or alerting system available for riders....
Recently, various kinds of ICT devices are introduced into caregiving services. One of the benefits of using ICT devices is that use logs including time, location, and various data on staff's activities are automatically collected by the devices, and valuable information for improving the work can be extracted from the logs. In this paper, we propose a method for automatically recognizing operation...
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) enhance road safety by frequently exchanging real-time data about road conditions through wireless sensor nodes. This exchange allows vehicles to detect potential hazards by sharing information about their location and speed. As vehicles communicate, there is need for a mechanism to verify the trustworthiness of messages that are sent in the network. This paper proposes...
As a supervisor of a highly automated technical system, a human operator is the “ultima ratio” in abnormal situations that cannot be handled by the automation. Therefore, a human operator must adequately monitor the automated system throughout the entire operation. Unfortunately, humans tend to fall prey to a couple of demons leading to inadequate monitoring behavior, such as boredom, attentional...
The definition of a Situation Awareness system is a challenging task that must be guided by some design principles like, for instance, organizing information around goals and supporting trade-off between goal-driven and data-driven information processing. This paper reports the results about the definition of a system for Green Fleet Management that synergistically exploits goal-driven and data-driven...
High levels of acute stress increase risk-taking and limit objective Situation Awareness (SA), actual knowledge of what is around you. Little research, however, has been directed toward understanding how stress influences subjective SA, an individual's assumption of their objective SA accuracy. The present experiment uses newly developed methods for highly controlled manipulations of stress, and newly...
Case-based Reasoning (CBR) is a problem solving approach applied to different cognitive systems for planning, decision making, etc. This approach benefits/utilizes the solutions of previous similar problems for solving a new problem.
This position paper describes how a proposed Dynamic Agile Process Model (DAPM) can be a useful representation of situational awareness. The traditional definitions of situational awareness are highly conceptual and text-based, intended for human consumption, so a simpler, more specific machine-understandable definition is needed for computer processing. At its simplest, the authors suggest that situational...
Driverless passenger vehicles are an emerging technology and a near-term eventuality. As such, the role of someone onboard the vehicle will change from the active role of a driver to the passive role of a passenger. The goal of this work is to provide an initial assessment of this interaction, with a specific focus on the impact of different available control interfaces on trust, usability, and performance...
Despite being widely used within the field of intelligence generation, there is no formal definition for the concept of Pattern of Life (PoL). PoL analysis is applicable to the behaviours of human and non-human entities in a wide range of applications. Currently, humans generate PoL intelligence manually and this is a time consuming task, often leading to humans being overloaded with data. This paper...
As networks in complex domains such as cyber security increasingly become distributed, with multiple human and automated agents working together to complete team goals, capturing situation awareness (SA) becomes more difficult. Often, SA is defined and measured as individual SA (the knowledge held by an individual, such as a system administrator) or as shared SA (the knowledge held in common by multiple...
In cyberspace, various types of social engineering attacks have made humans in a system more vulnerable than ever. One of the popular social engineering attacks is a phishing attack, exploiting humans' vulnerability in order to obtain individuals' private or credential information. Recent studies have found that the so called ‘phishing susceptibility’ (i.e., the likelihood of being phished) is closely...
Fighter pilots performing air missions rely heavily on teamwork for successful outcomes. Designing systems that support such teamwork in highly dynamic missions is a challenging task, and to the best of our knowledge, current teamwork models are not specifically adapted for this domain. This paper presents a model of task performance for military fighter pilots based on the teamwork model “Big Five”...
The decisions that humans make are often multidimensional and complex, and system aids have been developed to support decision-making. However it is often difficult to evaluate the decision making of both the human or these system decision aids as decision making is a skill that is difficult to quantify. Traditionally, decision-making skill is assessed primarily through tasks or questionnaires. The...
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