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High levels of acute stress increase risk-taking and limit objective Situation Awareness (SA), actual knowledge of what is around you. Little research, however, has been directed toward understanding how stress influences subjective SA, an individual's assumption of their objective SA accuracy. The present experiment uses newly developed methods for highly controlled manipulations of stress, and newly...
In cyberspace, various types of social engineering attacks have made humans in a system more vulnerable than ever. One of the popular social engineering attacks is a phishing attack, exploiting humans' vulnerability in order to obtain individuals' private or credential information. Recent studies have found that the so called ‘phishing susceptibility’ (i.e., the likelihood of being phished) is closely...
Cyberspace is an increasingly crucial part of everyday living. We have long recognized that defending this space is complex, requiring information integration, and decisions of man and machine to coalesce in a dynamic environment full of shifting priorities. These properties suggest that, as in other domains with similar characteristics, situation awareness (SA) of a human cyber defender is paramount...
Fighter pilots performing air missions rely heavily on teamwork for successful outcomes. Designing systems that support such teamwork in highly dynamic missions is a challenging task, and to the best of our knowledge, current teamwork models are not specifically adapted for this domain. This paper presents a model of task performance for military fighter pilots based on the teamwork model “Big Five”...
If synthetic teammates are to be considered “team players”, then they must be better equipped to handle the subtleties of communication and coordination with their human teammates. In this study, the team communication behaviors of a human-automation team were analyzed for the identification of which are the best predictors of team performance. The LASSO (Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator)...
Current systems incorporating human-agent interaction typically place the human in a supervisory role and the agent as a subordinate. However, a key aspect of teaming is the dynamic shift in roles. Depending on the situation at hand, teaming could lead to a peer relationship where the human and agent are working together on the same task. This research investigates how the timing of agent actions...
Instilling trust in autonomous systems requires having confidence that agents have decision-making mechanisms governed by ethical principles. The ability to resolve conflicts among moral principles, duties, obligations, and the consequences is a critical challenge in developing such mechanisms. We demonstrate how the Reflective Equilibrium Method and its implementation in terms of a parallel constraint...
The decisions that humans make are often multidimensional and complex, and system aids have been developed to support decision-making. However it is often difficult to evaluate the decision making of both the human or these system decision aids as decision making is a skill that is difficult to quantify. Traditionally, decision-making skill is assessed primarily through tasks or questionnaires. The...
Time and again, humanitarian decision-makers are confronted with stress and pressure, distorted, lacking and uncertain information, and thus they are working in conditions that are known to introduce or enforce biases. Decision analysis has been designed to overcome such biases, and a network of “digital responders” organized over the Internet has set out to improve judgments by providing better information...
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) enhance road safety by frequently exchanging real-time data about road conditions through wireless sensor nodes. This exchange allows vehicles to detect potential hazards by sharing information about their location and speed. As vehicles communicate, there is need for a mechanism to verify the trustworthiness of messages that are sent in the network. This paper proposes...
Motorcyclists face a unique set of challenges when operating on public streets and highways. In addition to hazards relevant to automobiles, motorcycle riders must remain vigilant for hazards that pose significant danger uniquely to motorcycles (e.g., uneven terrain, sand/gravel, potholes); however, there is currently no motorcycle-specific hazard tracking or alerting system available for riders....
Canines are commonly used for various police force tasks that help a human maintain situational awareness. One area where canines provide an enhanced search capability is manhunt tracking missions because of their ability to pick up a target's scent and lead a human to a missing person or runaway fugitive. It is common during for these manhunt missions to involve several police agencies that each...
Recently, various kinds of ICT devices are introduced into caregiving services. One of the benefits of using ICT devices is that use logs including time, location, and various data on staff's activities are automatically collected by the devices, and valuable information for improving the work can be extracted from the logs. In this paper, we propose a method for automatically recognizing operation...
In this study, we explored how interacting with a virtual agent under stressful conditions affected situational awareness as assessed by a theory of mind task. Volunteers played a negotiation game in which an embodied, digital virtual agent both displayed an angry, happy, or neutral facial expression and played either cooperatively or competitively. Results indicated that users who negotiated with...
The assessment of an operator's functional state (i.e., the multidimensional pattern of human psychophysiological conditions that mediates performance) has great potential for increasing safety and reliability of critical systems. However, live monitoring of functional state using physiological and behavioral data still faces several challenges before achieving the level of precision required in many...
MoBI-Box is an inexpensive, portable, and ergonomic desktop system for simultaneously measuring and integrating multiple types of biosignals that transpire at different time scales and levels of organization. It can be assembled from readily available, off-the-shelf components and customized to suit specific needs. It can be implemented in a wide range of settings, including homes, classrooms, clinics,...
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