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A reliable predictor of drowsiness using objective measures is desirable for machine and vehicle operations in which human errors may cause fatal accidents. We have evaluated the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex (VOR) as a possible predictor of drowsiness. The VOR is a compensatory eye movement that stabilizes retinal image during head motion, and is inevitably induced by vibration in a car running on the...
Hemorrhagic shock is a common cause of death in emergency rooms. Since the symptoms of hemorrhagic shock occur after shock has considerably progressed, it is difficult to diagnose shock early. The purpose of this study was to improve early diagnosis of hemorrhagic shock using a survival prediction model in rats. We measured ECG, blood pressure, respiration and temperature in 45 Sprague-Dawley rats,...
METABO is a diabetes monitoring and management system which aims at recording and interpreting patient's context, as well as, at providing decision support to both the patient and the doctor. The METABO system consists of (a) a Patient's Mobile Device (PMD), (b) different types of unobtrusive biosensors, (c) a Central Subsystem (CS) located remotely at the hospital and (d) the Control Panel (CP) from...
Dynamic modelling using the traditional least squares method with noisy input/output data can yield biased and sometimes unstable model predictions. This is largely because the cost function employed by the traditional least squares method is based on the one-step-ahead prediction errors. In this paper, the model-predicted-output errors are used in estimating the model parameters. As the cost function...
The paper proposes a systematic robust multivariable control strategy based on combination of systematic triangularization technique and robust control strategies. Two design stages are required. In the first design stage, multivariable control problem is reduced into a series of scalar control problems via triangularization technique. For each specific scalar system, two advanced control strategies...
We developed a new comprehensive cardiopulmonary model that takes into account the mutual interactions between the cardiovascular and the respiratory systems along with their short-term regulatory mechanisms. The model includes the heart, systemic and pulmonary circulations, lung mechanics, gas exchange and transport equations, and cardio-ventilatory control. Results show good agreement with published...
Cerebral autoregulation is a homeostatic mechanism which maintains blood flow despite changes in blood pressure in order to meet local metabolic demands. Several mechanisms play a role in cerebral autoregulation in order to adjust vascular tone and caliber of the cerebral vessels, but the exact etiology of the dynamics of these mechanism is not well understood. In this study, we discuss two patient...
Medical prevention consists to identify as soon as possible apparently healthy individuals who develop a disease and to engage them for active preventive treatment. Several cross-sectional studies of general populations or high cardiovascular risk have shown that coronary calcium score (coronary artery calcium, CAC) was positively associated with traditional risk factors (hypertension, dyslipidemia,...
While it is firmly established that the mechanical behavior of most biological tissues, including bioengineered tissues, is governed by an underlying network of protein fibers, it is still not clear how best to obtain and utilize structural information to predict mechanical response. In this paper, methods are presented to (1) quantify the fiber arrangement in a tissue from different imaging tools,...
Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is a recent treatment modality that allows malignant tissue destruction. The technique provides a localized effect and good cosmetic results. The application of PDT is based on the inoculation of a photosensitizer and the posterior irradiation by an optical source. This radiation chemically activates the drug and provokes reactions that lead to tissue necrosis. Nowadays...
A modeling-control paradigm to regulate output of the hippocampus (CA1) for a hippocampal neuroprosthesis was developed and validated using an in vitro slice preparation. Our previous study has shown that the VLSI implementation of a CA3 nonlinear dynamic model can functionally replace the CA3 subregion of the hippocampal slice. The propagation of temporal patterns of activity from DGrarrVLSIrarrCA1...
In this paper, we describe a new method for constructing macro-scale models of the posterior pole of the eye to investigate the role of intraocular pressure in the development and progression of glaucoma. We also describe a method and present results from micro-scale finite element models of the lamina cribrosa microarchitecture that are derived from parent macro-scale continuum models using a novel...
Measures of hand and finger anthropometry are very important for designing many hand held devices as well as understanding anthropometric effects on the operation of such devices. Many historical datasets have measured and recorded gross hand dimensions but do not often record the finer dimensions of the hand such as finger anthropometry. Knowing the size and mass of fingers across genders can be...
This paper presents a model of the learning process occurring during operation of a closed-loop brain-machine interface. The model consists of a population of simulated cortical neurons, a decoder that transforms neural activity into motor output, a feedback controller whose role is to reduce the error based on an error-descent algorithm, and an open-loop controller whose parameters are updated based...
Understanding transport and deposition of inhaled particles in the human airways plays a crucial role in the targeted therapy of pulmonary diseases, and the administration of inhaled medicines. Numerous researchers have studied the inhalation of particles using experiments or computer models. Even though experiments have shown that the airflow in the trachea and the upper branches of the lung is turbulent,...
We implemented a model for prediction of heart rate during Lokomat walking. Using this model, we can predict potential overstressing of the patient and adapt the physical load accordingly. Current models for treadmill based heart rate control neglect the fact that the interaction torques between Lokomat and human can have a significant effect on heart rate. Tests with five healthy subjects lead to...
The learning of a novel task currently rely heavily on conventional classroom instruction with qualitative assessment and observation. Introduction of individualized tutorials with integrated neuroscience-based evaluation techniques could significantly accelerate skill acquisition and provide quantitative evidence of successful training. We have created a suite of adaptive and interactive neuro-educational...
Research has demonstrated the efficacy of closed-loop control of anesthesia using bispectral index (BIS) as the controlled variable, and the recent development of model-based, patient-adaptive systems has considerably improved anesthetic control. To further explore the use of model-based control in anesthesia, we investigated the application of fuzzy control in the delivery of patient-specific propofol-induced...
In this work, a previously developed model, which maps joint kinematic data and estimated muscle activation levels to net elbow joint torque, is trained with 4 groups of datasets in order to improve force estimation accuracy and gain insight into muscle behaviour. The training datasets are defined such that surface electromyogram (EMG) and force data are grouped within individual trials, across trials,...
A modeling system is presented that can be used to predict the effects of ventilatory settings on the blood gases of patients on mechanical ventilation. The system uses a physiological model of the patient that includes lungs, body tissue, and brain tissue compartments. The model includes the effects of changes in the cardiac output and cerebral blood flow and lung mechanical factors. The system has...
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