The Infona portal uses cookies, i.e. strings of text saved by a browser on the user's device. The portal can access those files and use them to remember the user's data, such as their chosen settings (screen view, interface language, etc.), or their login data. By using the Infona portal the user accepts automatic saving and using this information for portal operation purposes. More information on the subject can be found in the Privacy Policy and Terms of Service. By closing this window the user confirms that they have read the information on cookie usage, and they accept the privacy policy and the way cookies are used by the portal. You can change the cookie settings in your browser.
The effect of rat liver S9 on the mutagenicity of 10 nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs) was evaluated with Salmonella typhimurium TA98NR using S9 from phenobarbital-, 3-methylcholanthrene (MC)-, β-naphthoflavone- and polychlorobiphenyl-treated and untreated rats. 2-Nitrofluorene (2-NFl), 2-nitrofluoren-9-one (2-NFlone), 2-nitrocarbazole (2-NCz), 3-NCz, 2-nitrodibenzothiophene (2-NDBT),...
The technique of in vitro transcription/translation (IVTT) has become an important method of detecting mutations that result in a prematurely terminated protein. Subsequent characterization of the mutations by cloning and sequencing the RT-PCR products, however, is often difficult and time consuming. This is due in large part to the altered metabolism to which transcripts containing translation terminating...
The L5178Y tk ± mouse lymphoma assay (MLA) has been validated as a sensitive and specific test system for the detection of mutagens/clastogens. There are currently two methodologies for performing the MLA: the original soft agar procedure and the newer microtitre procedure. While both procedures are considered acceptable, a limited amount of comparative information exists for the two methods...
The effect of 2 model chemical mutagens on DNA was evaluated with the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (SCG) (Comet) assay in 5 mouse organs - liver, lung, kidney, spleen and bone marrow. Mice were sacrificed 3 and 24 h after the administration of the direct mutagen ethyl nitrosourea (ENU) or the liver-targeting promutagen p-dimethylaminoazobenzene (DAB). Each organ was minced, suspended at...
This study was carried out to assess the genotoxicity of mixtures of pesticides using the micronucleus test with human lymphocytes in culture. Benomyl, azinphos-methyl, diazinon, dimethoate, pirimiphos-methyl pesticides were tested at doses estimated from their daily intake (EDI) . Benomyl is a carbamate fungicide, the other compounds are organophosphorous insecticides. The compounds were tested both...
Treatment of mice with various doses (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg b.wt.) of vindesine resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MPCE) and micronucleated normochromatic erythrocytes. Conversely, the polychromatic erythrocyte and normochromatic erythrocyte (P/N ratio) ratio declined with increasing dose of vindesine. The dose effect relationship...
The suppressing effect of crude extracts of Tochu tea, an aqueous extract of Eucommia ulmoides leaves and a popular beverage in Japan, on the induction of chromosome aberrations in CHO cells and mice was studied. When CHO cells were treated with Tochu tea crude extract after MMC treatment, the frequency of chromosome aberrations was reduced. Out of 17 Tochu tea components, 5 irridoids (geniposidic...
The study was designed to determine the antigenotoxic potential of chlorophyllin (Chl), against the frequency of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE) produced by benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) in vivo. We used the mouse bone marrow test system to measure the effect of a single injection of the compounds: 40 mg/kg of B[a]P, and 1 h later, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0 mg/kg of Chl. As controls we included both chemicals...
The aerial application of malathion, a widely used organophosphate insecticide, has raised public concerns about potential adverse health effects. We therefore studied micronucleus formation in human lymphocytes as a biomarker of genotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo. Lymphocytes were cultured either as whole blood or after Ficoll isolation and treated with malathion in doses from 5 to 100 μg/ml...
Medical devices emitting pulsed electric and electromagnetic fields have been found to be effective for a number of clinical applications including stimulation of bone and tissue growth. To determine whether pulsed fields of the type used in these clinical applications present a mutagenic hazard, electric and electromagnetic fields at two exposure levels were tested in the Ames test, CHO cell chromosomal...
The germ cell mutagens ethyl nitrosourea (ENU) and methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), were tested for their genotoxicity in sperm cells and testicular germ cells using lacZ transgenic mice (Muta TM Mouse). Eight- to 10-week-old Muta mice were treated with ENU (150 mg/kg) or MMS (40 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection. Three and 14 days after treatment, testes and sperm were collected for...
Transgenic male C57BL/6 lambda/lacI mice were used to assess the mutagenic response in seminiferous tubules and epididymal spermatozoa 3 days after exposure to ethylnitrosourea (ENU), iso-propyl methanesulfonate (iPMS) and methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). No significant mutagenic response was observed in epididymal spermatozoa for all three compounds, as expected 3 days after treatment. However, ENU...
Male Muta TM Mice were given a single intraperitoneal dose of either 115 M phosphate buffer (pH 6) as the vehicle control, MMS 40 mg/kg, ENU 150 mg/kg or iPMS 200 mg/kg, at a dose volume of 20 ml/kg. Animals from each group were killed 3 or 63 days after dosing, the DNA extracted from whole testes and epididymal spermatozoa and analysed for mutation frequency. In the testes, no increase...
The transgenic Muta TM Mouse in vivo mutagenesis assay was employed to determine the activity of acrylamide and ethylnitrosourea in liver and germ cells after 3, 10 and 100 days following treatment. Each cell of the Muta TM Mouse carries 80 copies of the lambda gt10 phage including the bacterial lacZ gene, which act as the target gene for the mutagenesis assay. Groups of...
Transgenic mouse assays, such as Muta TM Mouse, provide a method to predict the potential target organ carcinogenicity of chemical compounds. As part of a collaborative study, the effects of the direct-acting mutagens, methyl methanesulphonate (MMS) and ethylnitrosourea (ENU), were investigated for gene mutation in the tubular sperm of Muta TM Mice testes after a single...
The spontaneous mutant frequency in germ cells isolated from seminiferous tubules of two lambda/lacI transgenic mouse strains, C57BL/6 and B6C3F 1 was evaluated. At least 500 000 phage were screened for mutation at lacI for each animal using standardized assay procedures. The germ cell spontaneous lacI mutant frequency was 17.8 ± 8.1 10 -6 in C57BL/6 mice and 17.0 ± 10.0...
Experimental features of a positive selection transgenic mouse mutation assay based on a λlacZ transgene are considered in detail, with emphasis on results using germ cells as the target tissue. Sources of variability in the experimental protocol that can affect the statistical nature of the observations are examined, with the goal of identifying sources of excess variation in the observed mutant...
We have investigated the mutagenic effects of ENU, a potent mutagen in mouse spermatogonia, and of the two postmeiotic germ cell mutagens MMS and iPMS in germ cells, using a transgenic mouse mutation assay (lacZ/Muta TM Mouse, positive selection system). The test compounds were administered to 6-week-old animals by a single intraperitoneal injection. Seminiferous tubule germ cells were...
Set the date range to filter the displayed results. You can set a starting date, ending date or both. You can enter the dates manually or choose them from the calendar.