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Process variation has become a major concern in the design of many nanometer circuits, including interconnect pipelines. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the types and sources of all aspects of process variations in driver -interconnect-load system. The primary sources of manufacturing variation include Deposition, Chemical Mechanical Planarization (CMP), Etching, Resolution Enhancement...
Off stage power dissipation and profitability are posing fundamental and practical challenges to the scaling of Si CMOS to its limit. With escalating developmental cost, off state leakage current related power dominates the CMOS heat dissipation problem making the necessity of reducing the gate leakage current density to zero, so that the designer will get relief to focus on other imposing challenges...
The nanotechnology with chemical deposition (CD) and rapid photothermal processing (RPP) of nanostructured ZnO thin films for solar cell applications was elaborated. The influence of growth processes and the impact of RPP on surface morphology, particles size and resistivity values are presented and discussed. The ZnO thin films were deposited on silicon substrates by chemical deposition method at...
The term nanotechnology has different meanings and expectations to different people. In this paper, we have defined and examined what really is nanotechnology. Based on the use of fundamental knowledge of science and system level engineering and business knowledge that we know as of today, the role of nanotechnology in the semiconductor manufacturing in the 21st century is described. As of today,...
The interaction of adenovirus with liposomes formulated from dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and cholesterol (Chol) was characterized. Turbidity and particle sizing studies do not indicate the formation of large adenovirus-liposome aggregates leading to large-scale flocculation of nanoparticles. However, a high degree of association between liposomes and adenovirus (Ad) can be identified by...
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