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We present a CMOS image sensor (CIS) with phase detection auto-focus (PDAF) in all pixels. The size of photodiode (PD) is 0.64μm by 1.28μm, the smallest ever reported and two PDs compose a single pixel. Inter PD isolation was fabricated by deep trench isolation (DTI) process in order to obtain an accurate AF performance. The layout and depth of DTI was optimized in order to eliminate side effects...
In this study, we show that localized ultrafast plasmonic field of nano structure can be spectrally or spatially manipulated under excitation of few cycle pulse. By controlling geometrical parameters of nanostructure, plasmonic response can be actively tailored.
The frequency characteristics of laser-generated surface acoustic waves (SAWs) were investigated depending on laser beam profiles. The laser-generated SAWs were analytically and experimentally compared when using the single-line laser beams of Gaussian and square-like energy profiles. Also, the line-arrayed laser beam in the square-like energy distribution was introduced to generate the SAW that had...
According to the trend towards high-resolution CMOS image sensors, pixel sizes are continuously shrinking, towards and below 1.0μm, and sizes are now reaching a technological limit to meet required SNR performance [1-2]. SNR at low-light conditions, which is a key performance metric, is determined by the sensitivity and crosstalk in pixels. To improve sensitivity, pixel technology has migrated from...
In this study, we developed the Allometric Scaling and Resource Limitations (ASRL) model by using the best GLAS tree heights to optimize the ASRL. At first, we obtained the best metric of GLAS tree heights by comparing with LVIS tree heights in six sites. Then, the best metric GLAS tree heights were separately used to optimize ASRL model and test the accuracy of prediction heights from optimized ASRL...
A new digital predistortion (DPD) technique based on envelope feedback is proposed for linearization of power amplifiers (PAs). Unlike conventional DPD techniques that need frequency down converters (FDCs) in the feedback path to recover the complex envelope of the PA output, the proposed technique does not need an FDC. Instead it employs two envelope detectors, estimating the envelope of the PA output...
A new predistortion technique for dynamic spectrum allocation systems such as cognitive radio (CR) is proposed. The system model considered in this paper occupies a small band at a time, but the center frequency can be changed in the wide range of frequency. In this scenario, the front-end filter may not eliminate the harmonics of the power amplifier (PA) output. The proposed PD reduces the spectral...
A new partial transmit sequence (PTS) technique for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals which does not require side information, is proposed. In the proposed method, the transmitter applies PTS to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and does not send the side information on the PTS phase factors to the receiver. Based on the OFDM symbol structure having pilot subcarriers,...
In this paper, a new amplify-and-forward (AF) relay systems using superimposed pilot signals is proposed for frequency selective fading channel environments. In the proposed scheme, the relay superimposes an additional pilot sequence on the received signal from the source, and forwards the combined signal to the destination. The superimposed pilot signal in this way enables the destination node to...
World leading telecom technology manufacturers and network operators have initiated a joint initiative aimed at driving forward the realization of the next generation of high performance mobile broadband networks based on 3GPP LTE/SAE specifications [1]. The motivation of 3GPP LTE/SAE was when it became clear that the future telecommunication systems was clearly IP with everything (the ldquoall-IPrdquo...
A new polynomial predistortion technique for linearizing nonlinear power amplifier is introduced. The proposed predistorter is based on direct learning, whereas most other techniques are based on the indirect learning architecture. The resulting structure of the proposed method is simpler than the existing ones. Computer simulation shows that the proposed method is robust to the initial conditions...
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