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This paper presents the first experimental investigation and physical discussion of the cryogenic behavior of a commercial 28 nm bulk CMOS technology. Here we extract the fundamental physical parameters of this technology at 300,77 and 4.2 K based on DC measurement results. The extracted values are then used to demonstrate the impact of cryogenic temperatures on the essential analog design parameters...
Providing sensory feedback for myoelectric prosthetic users can not only increase the manipulation ability but can also introduce a feeling of embodiment. Previous research has demonstrated the feasibility of providing mechanotactile or vibrotactile feedback on the remaining stumps of amputees. To improve the recognition rate and reduce mental work load when identifying stimulation patterns, we propose...
Single photon detectors allow us to work with the weakest signals such as auto-fluorescent biological sources. In combination with time gated operation mode, an array of detectors can be used as Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging system with extremely high sensitivity.
To improve the dexterity of multi-functional myoelectric prosthetic hand, more accurate hand gesture recognition based on surface electromyographic (sEMG) signal is needed. This paper evaluates two types of time-domain EMG features, one independent feature and one combined feature including four features. The selected features from eight subjects with 13 finger movements were tested with four decomposed...
Many amputees have maps of referred sensation from their missing hand on their residual limb (phantom maps). This skin area can serve as a target for providing amputees with tactile sensory feedback. Providing tactile feedback on the phantom map can improve the object manipulation ability, enhance embodiment of myoelectric prostheses users and help reduce phantom limb pain. The distribution of the...
In SPADnet we have advocated the use of standardized photonic modules for modular assembly of PET systems. In this paper, we tackle the scalability problem, starting from synchronization. Since the photonic modules in a ring must ensure tens of picoseconds in timing accuracy, it is essential that the synchronization of each module be accurate, irrespective of the number of modules in a ring, the ring's...
The design and realization of a truly scalable, distributed real time coincidence detection technique for multi-ring based Positron Emission Tomography (PET) systems is presented in this work. To ensure scalability to various PET configurations, the design was optimized at two abstraction levels. First, at the system level, a network was designed to facilitate lower packet latency. Second, at the...
A complete simulation environment, designed to aid the SPADnet network design and to perform scalability studies, is presented in this work. Two simulators, namely a coincidence network simulator and a data transfer simulator, designed to simulate two network channels, were optimized for speed and memory. Furthermore, these simulators were coupled with GATE in order to emulate a real PET system network...
Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs) are solidstate photo-detectors capable of detecting single photons by exploiting the avalanche effect that occurs in the breakdown of a p-n junction biased above breakdown voltage. By this effect, a SPAD translates an incoming photon to a macroscopic current pulse. These devices are currently used for building medical devices characterized by a very high time...
This paper is the first comprehensive presentation of the SPADnet concept. SPADnet is a fully digital, networked MRI compatible time-of-flight PET system, exploiting the speed and integration density of deep-submicron CMOS technologies. The core enabling technologics of SPADnet are a sensor device comprising an array of 8×16 pixels, each composed of 4 mini-SiPMs with in situ time-to-digital conversion,...
Digital SiPMs in the recent past have emerged as a viable low cost alternative to PMTs providing higher granularity and MRI compatibility. The rich dataset generated by digital SiPM sensors have posed a challenge, especially at the system level when a multitude of such sensors are to be used. In this paper we present a sensor network based approach for data acquisition, scalable to multi-ring based...
We present a new, handheld probe for radiotracer detection in vivo and inside operating theatres, where PET scanners cannot be used for radioguided surgery. The device is based on scintillation detectors optically coupled to Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs). It is wirelessly connected to a PC, which, among other functions, optimises operating voltages to compensate for changes of the detector temperature...
A handheld probe for direct positron detection based on scintillators coupled to silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) is presented in this paper. The battery-powered system is optimised for intra-operative use. It is fully sterilisable and wirelessly connected to a PC running a graphical user interface. Successful pilot clinical trials have shown the use in oncological surgery.
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