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Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) is an efficient fermentation operation in lignocellulose biorefining. However, SSF may not be applicable when the pH values of hydrolysis and fermentation do not match, or the strong intermediate inhibitors on cellulase activity are generated. This study proposed a cascade hydrolysis and fermentation (CHF) process for cellulosic gluconic acid fermentation...
For gas-sensing mechanism of metal oxide, metal oxide gas sensor chip needs to work in a hot environment from 150°C to 400°C and must open to detected gases. These different characteristics, compared with integrated circuit (IC), lead significant challenges for metal oxide gas sensor packaging design. In this paper, to get best packaging design, we discuss the influence of the sensor chip conductivity(A),...
Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) is an important macromolecule material with high plasticity, which is also widely used in the manufacturing of LED diffusion plates, because it has several advantages, such as excellent optical transparency, chemical stability, good weather resistance, radiation resistance and surface hardness (no scratch). It also can be completely recycled and easy processing. However,...
Delamination is one of the main problems in electronic packaging due to the relatively weak adhesion strength of interfaces. Delamination failure includes two processes: crack initiation and crack propagation. Various experimental setups and theories have been built to study these processes. Among these studies the cohesive zone method being implemented in various finite element packages is becoming...
The color coordinate shift of light-emitting diode (LED) lamps is investigated by running three stress-loaded testing methods, namely step-up stress accelerated degradation testing, step-down stress accelerated degradation testing, and constant stress accelerated degradation testing. A power model is proposed as the statistical model of the color shift (CS) process of LED products. Consequently, a...
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