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Embedded processors must rely on the efficient use of instruction-level parallelism to answer the performance and energy needs of modern applications. However, a limiting factor to better use available resources inside the processor concerns memory bandwidth. Adding extra ports to allow for more data accesses drastically increases costs and energy. In this paper, we present a novel memory architecture...
A limiting performance factor for soft cores that exploit high instruction-level parallelism (ILP) is the need of a high performance multiport memory to provide data at the rate it can be consumed by the available functional units. At the same time, FPGAs contain block RAMs (BRAMs) that provide enormous bandwidth, especially when data is spread through multiple blocks of independent address spaces...
The susceptibility of SRAM-based FPGAs to soft errors increases with each technology node due to the reduction of transistor size, the reduction of voltage supply and the increase of density of devices. This work presents the actual impact of voltage reductions for neutron-induced soft errors in SRAM-based FPGAs. We run neutron radiation experiments with a Spartan-6 (45nm) FPGA at different supply...
Cache memories are traditionally disabled in space-level and safety-critical applications, since it was believed that the sensitive area they introduce would compromise the system reliability. As technology has evolved, the speed gap between logic and main memory has increased in such a way that disabling caches slows the code much more than in the past. As a result, the processor is exposed for a...
The susceptibility of SRAM-based FPGAs to soft errors has shown to increase with technology scaling due to the reduction of transistor size and reduced voltage supply. This work presents the actual impact of voltage reductions in the vulnerability of SRAM-based FPGAs to neutron-induced soft errors in terms of static and dynamic cross-sections. Experimental results under neutron radiation exposure...
This paper explores the concept of Design Diversity Redundancy (DDR) applied to SRAM-based FPGAs as a proposal to increase system reliability. Three different implementations of an 8×8 matrix multiplication associated to majority voters were used to build a Diversity Triple Modular Redundancy (DTMR) scheme. The whole architecture was prototyped on a Xilinx Virtex5 FPGA and exposed to a neutron source...
This paper presents an approach to detect SEEs in SRAM-based FPGAs by using software-based techniques combined with a nonintrusive hardware module. We implemented a MIPS-based soft-core processor in a Virtex5 FPGA and hardened it with software- and hardware-based fault tolerance techniques. First fault injection in the configuration memory bitstream was performed in order to verify the feasibility...
A novel fault-tolerant microprocessor capable of detecting and correcting radiation-induced soft errors is proposed and evaluated. The Resilient Adaptive Algebraic Architecture performs time redundancy in parallel with matrix multiplication computation, guaranteeing on-the-fly detection and correction of errors disrupting data and logic with minimum overhead. We evaluate the RA3 microprocessor in...
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