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Real‐time monitoring of an individual’s physiologic state without constant observation by a healthcare professional necessitates the construction of an autonomous remote diagnostic device that is capable of performing a wide range of diagnostic functions. For many applications, assessing the immediate physiologic state of an individual as he or she is continuously exposed to diverse environments would...
We report the development of a low-power, miniature Yb-171 ion clock at Sandia National Laboratories. This work is funded by the DARPA micro Position, Navigation, and Timing program under the Integrated Micro Primary Atomic Clock Technology (IMPACT) project. The ultimate goal is to develop a frequency standard that has frequency stability comparable to a commercial Cs beam standard, but with 100 to...
In Si solar cells, the cost of the Si wafer itself accounts for over 50 % of energy conversion; therefore, economic use of Si contributes significantly towards lowering cost. Thin-film (~25 μm) crystalline Si (c-Si) solar cells films are ideally-suited for low-cost photovoltaics. These thin-film c-Si solar cells are manufactured through a wide range of industrial processes including epitaxial growth,...
High performance in crystalline thin (∼ 10 μm) film silicon solar cells requires complete optical absorption over its spectral range. Geometrical schemes are ineffective due to their large feature dimensions. Enhanced optical absorption can be achieved through two mechanisms based on diffractive and physical optics. In diffractive approach, light confinement is achieved through obliquely propagating...
Application of randomly created sub-wavelength structures using either wet- or dry chemical mechanisms in Si must serve two purposes, i.e., reduces reflection and enhance near IR absorption. This absorption enhancement can only occur through diffractive scattering from random surfaces with feature dimensions of ≫ λ/n, where n is Si refractive index. For surface features with sizes ≪ λ/n, no internal...
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