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A systematic study of the effect of Ag, Cu and Zn alloying elements on the EM performance of Sn-rich Pb-free solder is reported. EM performance was found to strongly depend on the types of UBMs, alloying elements, compositions, and microstructures in solder. While leaded solders were found to be more robust than Pb-free solders, SnAg solders, in general, has better EM performance than SnCu solders...
The undercooling of flip-chip Pb-free solder bumps was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to understand the effects of solder composition, solder volume, minor alloying elements, presence of an under bump metallurgy (UBM), and cooling rate. The undercooling is defined as the temperature difference between the melting temperature of a solder during heating and the solidification...
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