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53 attosecond X-ray pulses with photon energies up to 300 eV are generated using polarization gated CEP-stable two-cycle pulses around 1.8 μm and characterized using photoelectron streaking technique combined with the PROOF retrieval method.
A multi-band loop antenna with a band stop filter is proposed for the application of mobile communications devices. The antenna is compact in comparison with conventional mobile antennas as only one resonator is used to realize multi-resonance operation. It has been demonstrated that the proposed antenna can cover all the commonly used LTE (Long Term Evolution) frequency bands including 698–960 MHz...
Mutli-robot teleoperation systems benefit from human's capabilities in adaptation to new environments and decision-making in the presence of uncertainty and complexity. In these applications, usually a human operator determines the general behaviour of the multi-robot team via selecting and controlling a leader robot while the follower robots coordinate with the team autonomously. Trust is a major...
In this work, we consider a second-order detection problem where rank-p signals are structured by an unknown, but common, p-dimensional random vector and then received through unknown M × p matrices at each of two M-element arrays. The noises in each channel are independent with identical variances. We derive generalized likelihood ratio (GLR) tests for this problem when the noise variance is either...
Time-of-flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry is a well-known surface analysis technique for surface trace level contaminants due to the strength of ultra-high surface sensitivity. However, the mass spectral interpretation for useful information from thousands of elemental and molecular ions is complicated. In this paper, a simpler but effective way for the case study analysis of surface contaminant...
How to represent a type-2 fuzzy set(T2 FS)is a key point to deal with type-2 fuzzy control and analysis. In the paper, T2 FSs are divided into four classes: discrete T2 FSs, partially connected T2 FSs, connected T2 FSs, and compounded T2 FSs, and the corresponding representation methods are provided, especially second-degree partition of CoS is presented to represent connected T2 FS.
Gd-doped silica and phosphosilicate fibers were pulled from preforms fabricated using the rod-in-tube technique and the solution doping technique, respectively. Ultraviolet (UV)-B luminescence from trivalent Gd at around 312 nm given by transition from first excited state to ground state were observed under deep UV excitations.
Enhancement of photoluminescence (PL) of Gd3+-doped silica glass densified by rapid thermal treatment (RTT) in the ultraviolet (UV) is investigated. The strong emission at 314 nm is assigned to the 6P7/2 to 8S7/2 transition under excitation of 6Dj, 6Ij, and 6Pj energy levels of the Gd3+. Significant decrease of the loss covering the UV band is observed.
The coupling between neuronal activity and cerebral blood flow(CBF), known as neurovascular coupling, serves as the basis of functional brain imaging. Optogenetics provides a precise and selective approach to manipulate the activity in cell-specific neurons. It has been used in neuroscience research for comprehensive understanding about the light-evoked neurovascular coupling in rodent neuronal circuits...
A bi-stable spring component is proven to be able to improve the utilizable power from a vortex induced vibration (VIV) energy harvesting system at low speed water flows. However, it is also shown that chaotic vibrations might occur and drastically reduce the utilizable power when water flow velocity varies. Hence, an appropriate controller is required to maintain high-energy orbit vibrations when...
VCSEL bandwidth is limited by slow e-h recombination lifetime nanosecond to ∼ 30 GHz (60Gb/s). The transistor laser (TL) has picosecond radiative recombination lifetime; thus, it will have modulation bandwidth higher than VCSELs toward 150 GHz to achieve 300 Gb/s error free transmission and low power operation of energy/bit toward 10 fJ/bit.
Microresonator Kerr frequency combs have the potential to revolutionize many aspects of modem technology (e.g. in precision metrology, spectroscopy, as well as telecommunications). In Kerr cavities, stable, low-noise, optical frequency combs often take the form of temporal cavity solitons (CSs): ultra-short optical pulses that persist in driven nonlinear resonators [1]. Recently, studies of CSs under...
Temporal cavity solitons (CSs) are pulses of light that persist in coherently driven passive resonators [1], and they play a key role in fibre-based all-optical buffers [2] and coherent micro-resonator frequency combs [3]. They are typically explained as steady-state solutions of the mean-field Lugiato-Lefever equation (LLE), and predicted to correspond to unique attracting states. However, the LLE...
Switching waves (SWs) are fronts that connect two homogeneous stable states of a multistable system [1]. An isolated SW typically propagates until the most stable state completely invades the other and can only be stationary at the so-called Maxwell point, where the two states have the same marginal stability. Close to the Maxwell point, it may still be possible however for two SWs to form a stable...
Temporal cavity solitons (TCSs) are optical pulses that persist inside coherently driven passive Kerr resonators [1]. Since their discovery, TCSs have been suggested as bits for all-optical buffers due to their flexibility [2]: they can be individually addressed, erased and moved around at will. To that end, a reliable method is required to move, position, and trap TCSs to precise locations. So far...
In planar device technology, shallow junction is a structure to control source to drain off current leakage when the gate becomes narrow to keep up with scaling of semiconductor device. High spatial resolution characterization of the device junction position relative to the gate and its profile near the source and drain provide valuable input to device simulation and guidance of the complicated processes...
A novel MEMS inertial switch with electrostatic force assistance and multi-step pull-in behavior has been designed, which can help the electrodes weaken the bounce and keep a long contact in the inertial switch before the leakage of electricity ends compared with the traditional rigid contact between electrodes. The dynamic switching and pull-in performance is simulated by finite element method. The...
Analysis of ultra-shallow junctions has become a critical requirement especially in the advent of new 3D device structures and technologies. Information derived from available traditional tools and concepts is no longer sufficient for use in TCAD tools for device performance optimization. Furthermore, the complex geometry and nanometer scale critical dimensions of current and future technology node...
Recently, the notion of Multifactorial Optimization (MFO) has emerged as a promising approach for evolutionary multi-tasking by automatically exploiting the latent synergies between optimization problems, simply through solving them together in an unified representation space [1]. It aims to improve convergence characteristics across multiple optimization problems at once by seamlessly transferring...
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