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Both ring oscillators and relaxation oscillators are subsets of RC oscillators featuring large tuning ranges and small areas. Such relaxation oscillators have two advantages with respect to ring oscillators: 1) they have a constant frequency tuning gain; and 2) their phase can be read out continuously due to their triangular (or sawtooth) waveform. A major disadvantage of practical relaxation oscillators...
A 0.18 mum CMOS low noise amplifier (LNA) achieves sub-1 dB noise figure over more than an octave of bandwidth without external noise matching components. It is designed for a future radio telescope, requiring millions of cheap LNAs mounted directly on phased array antenna elements. The short distance between antenna and LNA and low frequency below 2 GHz allows for using an LNA with reflective input...
Switching mixers are power-efficient but produce unwanted harmonics and sidebands. A multipath technique to clean up the spectrum using digital circuits and mixers, but no filters, is applied to a 0.13mum CMOS power upconverter. The circuit delivers 8mW from dc to 2.4GHz with 11% drain efficiency, with spurs <-40dBc over more than 4 octaves in frequency, and consumes 228mW from a 1.2V supply
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