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The RC delay, electro migration (EM) and TDDB performance become more challenges to meet device requirement as continuous geometry shrink on BEOL dual damascene interconnects. To overcome these challenges from interconnect patterning point of view, we proposed Cu subtractive RIE as a potential solution for next generation Cu/Low-k interconnects.
High stresses generated from chip-package interactions (CPI), especially when large die is flip mounted on organic substrate using Pb-free C4 bumps, can easily cause low-k delamination. A novel scheme by applying an elastic material can effectively reduce the transmitted stresses and, thus, resolve the interfacial delamination issue. Along with an optimized chip-package integration solution, a reliable...
In this paper, we address the problem of exponential stability of filters and fixed-lag smoothers for discrete-time and discrete-state Hidden Markov Models (HMMs). By appealing to a generalised Perron-Frobenius result for nonnegative matrices, we demonstrate exponential forgetting for both the recursive filters and smoothers, and obtain overbounds on the rate of forgetting. Simulation studies are...
An implementation of Dynamic Source Routing on 802.15.4 using XBee Series 1 modules is presented. This implementation demonstrates the use of Dynamic Source Routing to determine the route from initiator (source) node to target (destination) node and used it to deliver message packets within an intra-network of wireless motes. The wireless motes compromise of Atmega 328P based microcontroller board...
Wireless Sensor Networks is a growing research field and researchers use a variety of wireless devices to perform radio communications. The XBee is a common wireless module that has become very popular amongst hobbyists and researchers alike due to its simple and efficient design. However, to use the XBee in complex networks, the user must construct specific packets to communicate within an XBee network...
The Hubble Ultra-Deep Field (HUDF) image spans less than one millionth of the sky, but it contains as many as 10,000 galaxies at distances on the order of 13 billion light years. However, Hubble images are difficult to process and require merging of multiple images from different optical wavelengths. In addition, the interpretation of such images can be complicated by intervening distortion caused...
This study evaluated plasma treatment processes on 193i and EUV photoresist to improve the line width roughness (LWR) performance in porous low-k/ultra-thin barrier Cu interconnect. We successfully demonstrated 20% LWR reduction for 193i PR and 11% for EUV PR. Furthermore, the influence of LWR on reliability was evaluated on 45nm line-width test vehicle. A boost of 10 times Time Dependent Dielectric...
This research focus on low radical plasma etch (LRPE) process and its impact on highly porous dielectric material (extreme-low-k, ELK, k=2.4). We demonstrate a dual damascene (DD) process flow without k degration by low radical and pore sealing plasma etch. Comparing to tranditional DD etching process, 12% resistance-capacitance (RC) improvement, 15% via resistance reduction and a factor of 3 inter-metal-dielectric...
For home based health-care and wellness management the considerations of extensibility and personalization are very important. In this paper we present an architectural framework for health-care and wellness management, and illustrate its use with a sleep activity pattern monitoring application. The key benefits of our architectural framework are that new sensors and sensing modalities as well as...
In this paper we present a PDA-based fetal heart monitor that is able to provide instantaneous fetal heart rate (FHR) for the pregnant women. A modified spectral subtraction algorithm is first used to remove the unwanted stationary background noise from the noisy fetal heart sound. The AM/FM modulation technique is then employed to make the fetal heart sound more audible so that both pregnant women...
This paper describes the design and implementation details of our recently developed prototype target tracking system using ultrasonic sensor network. It reports our findings of inter-sensor interference, and suggests a dime-division based sensor scheduling strategy to avoid it. Extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm is proposed as the tracking algorithm with the characteristic of variable time difference...
In this paper, we propose a novel statistical framework based on time-frequency decomposition and nonparametric modelling of electrocortical (ECoG) signals in the context of a Brain Computer Interface. The proposed method decomposes the ECoG signals into subbands (with no down-sampling) using Gabor filters. The subband signals are then encoded using a nonparametric statistical modeling and the distance...
Sensor scheduling is essential to collaborative target tracking in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In this paper, we present a multi-step adaptive sensor scheduling algorithm (MASS) by selecting the next tasking sensor and its associated sampling interval based on the prediction of tracking accuracy and energy cost over a finite horizon of steps. MASS adopts alternative tracking mode for each prediction...
This paper presents a new cascade filtering structure using feedback signals for tracking the frequencies of multiple sinusoids. Its chief advantage lies in computational savings over earlier structures of this type. Simulation results show that this streamlined structure can also efficiently overcome "tracking ripple", delivering very good steady-state tracking
In this paper, we investigate the use of masking-based beta-order MMSE (MbetaOM) speech enhancement algorithm as applied to a car noise environment. Based on the previous work on the beta-order MMSE speech enhancement, it is found that MbetaOM has a satisfactory performance in the case of speech corrupted by Volvo interior car noise from the NOISEX-92 database. In this paper, the adaptation of the...
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