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This paper describes several commonly applied line protection schemes, including distance schemes, directional comparison schemes using distance and directional elements, and line current differential schemes. Using analysis tools like fault trees, power system studies, and event analysis, we evaluate and compare these protection schemes in terms of speed, sensitivity, dependability, security, and...
The IEEE PSRC System Protection Subcommittee Working Group C14 has produced a report that describes practical applications of synchrophasors in protection applications. The report begins with the history of synchrophasors and then goes into issues to consider in their application. Some existing applications are described and then future applications that have been considered or are in development...
One of the traditional techniques for detecting power swings uses a dual-quadrilateral characteristic. It is based on the measurement of the time interval it takes the positive-sequence impedance to cross two blinders. Another technique monitors the variation of the swing center voltage approximation. This paper presents a performance comparison between applications of these two techniques in cases...
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