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This paper presents the design of a linearly polarized electronically reconfigurable transmitarray in K-band for beam steering applications. The transmitarray is a linear arrangement of five unit cells. Each unit cell provides a continuous phase tuning range of 360° which has been confirmed with numerical and experimental results. The unit cells are formed of multiple single layers of RF-laminate...
This paper describes a low-cost measurement system based on two crossed laser barriers to measure the angle, the position as well as the velocity of an object with known shape, which is passing the measurement system. Due to the simple system setup this leads to a low-cost vectorial speed measurement system, which is capable of high speed measurements. Furthermore, as a demonstrator, a table soccer...
In this paper a novel 61GHz radar sensor node for industrial positioning and distance measurement is presented. The sensor provides numerous functions enabling a broad range of signal processing technologies and is designed with regard to cost-efficient implementation only using commercial available components without limiting the area of possible applications. Beside the requirement analysis and...
This paper describes a new method for high accuracy determination of instantaneous frequency and linearity of frequency modulated continuous wave systems. The presented setup reduces the frequency measurement to a phase measurement based on Six-Port interferometer with a delay line. To extend the range of possible input frequencies and power levels, a calibration method and the appropriate correction...
Sensor elements play an important role in future manufacturing plants. This paper presents a solution for a foil thickness sensor for running production lines. Based on the elaborated Six-Port principle, a differential measuring concept is proposed and discussed. Furthermore, an end-fire antenna design for the addressed application is demonstrated and far-field measurement results are shown and compared...
Radar sensors play a key role in today's industrial automation. Being an alternative to frequency modulated continuous wave radar, Six-Port based radar sensors recently attracted the interest of the community as well as of the industry. This paper presents a 61 GHz Six-Port radar sensor for ultra-short range applications and a dedicated substrate integrate waveguide fed tapered slot antenna design...
Radar sensors play a key role in today's industrial automation. Besides high accuracy, modern radar sensors have to feature high precision as well as challenging update rates. Six-Port wave correlators enable high phase resolution at high frequencies and therefore a high accuracy in radar applications. A low-cost Schottky diode detector applied to a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) Six-Port is...
In the following, a continuous wave (cw) radar system based on the Six-Port principle will be shown for measurement tasks at enclosed systems needing micrometer accuracy as well as high update rates like tank level monitoring or hydraulic cylinder piston control. To exceed the ambiguity limit of such an interferometric system a dual tone approach is used, extending the unambiguity range to several...
Direction-of-Arrival (DOA) detection finds a large number of applications from security and monitoring purposes to industrial automation. Recently, the Six-Port receiver technique has been succesfully implemented to perform accurate DOA measurements. Furthermore, the dual Six-Port DOA detection approach has been introduced to perform an ambiguity-free detection over a wide DOA range. In this paper...
The Six-port concept has been investigated in the last decades for numerous applications. Besides the use in network analyzers, communication transceivers and direction-of-arrival detectors the Six-port has also been applied in radar systems. Due to its excellent phase discrimination capability, Six-port radar features high range resolution and is therefore predestined for precise displacement and...
Conductor tracks comprise a frequency dependent attenuation of electromagnetic waves, since with increasing frequency the current flow is displaced to the near surface region due to the skin effect. Therefore, the effective length of the conductor is increased by the surface roughness, while its effective cross-section is decreased by current displacement, both leading to higher metallization loss...
Position measurement plays an important role in industrial process technology. Hereby, a waveguide based position sensor system for industrial applications is described. The proposed system features a Phase Locked Loop controlled 24 GHz signal source, an interferometric Six-Port receiver structure, a radar coupler, and a terminated quasi-TEM parallel plate waveguide structure. Furthermore, the system...
Robust tank level monitoring is an important issue in chemical and process industry and a challenging task if high accuracy has to be reached. The proposed sensor structure consists of a quasi-TEM mode waveguide on the one hand and an interferometric Six-Port receiver structure on the other hand. The waveguide structure itself in combination with the liquid to be monitored acts as a reflection phase...
Range detection is an challenging task, especially if high accuracy has to be reached. The hereby proposed 61 GHz continuous wave radar system is based on a phase detector using Six-Port technique. For accuracy enhancement an improved isolation radar coupler has been introduced for broadband frequency modulated continuous wave radar as well as narrow band radar techniques. Furthermore, a Six-Port...
This publication shows an approach for absolute, unambiguous distance measurements with a Six-Port radar at 24 GHz. Such an interferometric radar has the drawback of ambiguity problem concerning phase, limiting the measuring distance to half of the used wavelength. This can be solved with the presented dual tone system using the resulting beat frequency between two tones to determine an absolute position...
Vibration measurement and detection is of great interest for many sensor applications and stress diagnosis in diverse industrial environments. An innovative mechanical vibration analysis based on the Six-Port receiver as a microwave interferometer radar is hereby proposed. Due to the excellent phase discrimination properties of the Six-Port receiver a very high accuracy in the vibration detection...
Two-dimensional Direction Of Arrival detection (DOA) of an arbitrary electromagnetic wave is a challenging task, especially if high accuracy has to be performed. The proposed DOA receiver is based on a phase detector using the interferometric Six-Port principle. For the proposed system an improved power detector concept using a High Electron Mobility Transistor has been developed featuring strictly...
Vibration measurement and detection is of great interest for many sensor applications and stress diagnosis in diverse industrial environments. An innovative mechanical vibration analysis based on the Six-Port receiver as a microwave interferometer radar is hereby proposed. Due to the excellent phase discrimination properties of the Six-Port receiver a very high accuracy in the vibration detection...
This paper describes a new approach for absolute, high accuracy and fast responding millimeter wave frequency measurement. The shown system is based on the reduction of the frequency detection to a phase measurement with a delay line and a subsequent determination of the phase. By using a Six-Port structure, this phase can be evaluated very precisely, leading to a accurate frequency detection. Another...
A modification of the famous Bow Tie antenna element for wideband Direction-Of-Arrival estimation antenna arrays is designed. A broadband impedance match from 5 GHz to 14.5 GHz corresponding to a 97% bandwidth, as well as a very stable radiation pattern over a 37% bandwidth from 5.5 GHz to 8 GHz is achieved. A method for pattern stabilization using parasitic edge currents is shown. In addition the...
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