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Lebanon witnessed one of its biggest dangerous environmental crisis due to the oil spill caused by Israel bombard of fuel storage tanks in war 2006. Official reports stated that around 15000 tons of heavy fuel oil spilled in sea water. The spill threatened the maritime and human life and caused severe environmental disasters. On an international scale, the European Space Agency (ESA) stated that more...
This paper presents a step-by-step procedure to extract the effective permittivity of dry and wet snow in an electromagnetic simulator. The S-parameters are extracted using HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator), which is a Finite Element Method (FEM) full wave simulator. The permittivity curve is calculated using the S21 retrieval method. The calculated permittivity is compared with theoretical...
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