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Nigerian Power Systems has changed from vertically integrated government-owned electricity network to a largely privately-owned electricity network. Despite this transformation, the utility is still struggling to overcome challenges of providing reliable electricity supply to all its citizens, heavy dependence on fuel and meeting greenhouse gas emission target. The increase in power demand due to...
Due to global environmental concerns, new opportunities are opening up for harnessing of resources from renewable energy. Currently, distributed generators (DG) which are based on renewable energy technologies such as solar, wind, and biomass are widely used in power systems. The presence of DG has potential to improve reliability of the network and minimise power losses. This work analyse the impact...
In this paper, unbalanced power flow calculations were used to study the effects of stochastically integrated Distributed Energy Resources (DER) into a distribution network. The considered DER were Electric Vehicles (EVs), Air Source Heat Pumps (ASHPs), and Photovoltaic arrays (PVs). Daily profiles of residential loads and DER were synthesized with a one-minute time resolution. For the considered...
A generalized model of a Microgrid in an island mode is proposed for assessing the system power and frequency performances. This Microgrid (MG) includes a diesel backup generator along with a number of Distributed Energy Resources (DES): Wind Turbine Generator (WTG), Photovoltaic System (PV), Fly- Wheel Energy Storage system (FESS), and Battery Energy Storage System (BESS). Controlling the frequency...
The UK's energy system is majorly centralised but the move from a centralised energy system to a decentralized one could be significant, reshaping the entire system. The penetration of Localised Energy Resources (LER) on the distribution networks will have significant effect on voltage profile.
Unscheduled charging of Electric Vehicles (EVs) may shift voltage unbalance beyond the desired limit. Effects of uncoordinated charging of EVs were assessed by calculating voltage magnitudes and voltage unbalances at the end node of a residential feeder. The assessment was illustrated by presenting loading conditions of distribution transformers and distribution lines. Power losses of these components...
Unabated emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and its attendant climate change consequences can adversely affect the present and future generations. The energy and the transportation sectors have been identified as the two largest producers of the GHGs emissions due to their massive dependence on fossil fuels. Deployment of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) in Distributed Generation (DG) of electricity...
Traditional approaches to transmission system security assessment use deterministic criteria e.g. the application of `N-1' or `N-2' circuit depletion under prescribed heavy system loading conditions. However, such worst-case deterministic approach does not provide explicitly an assessment of the probability of overloading the system, and the likelihood of the outages is treated equally. Recent research...
Electric Vehicle market penetration is expected to increase in the next years. Transport electrification will affect both the road transport and the electric power network. The Electric Vehicle (EV) is the link between these two systems, and their interdependencies are important. The main aim of the paper is to present a system that simulates Electric Vehicles in both networks. Algorithms were developed,...
The growth of vehicle electrification will make the electric power systems to face new challenges as the load profile changes. Charging the EVs will increase the electricity demand and may cause new peaks. However, the nature of this new type of load offers flexibility that can be used to achieve a variety of goals, including a reduction of the charging impact or cost. The objective of this paper...
Road transport today is dominated by oil-delivered fuels and internal combustion engines and such a high level of dependence on one single source of primary energy carries strategic, climatic and economic risks [1]. Electric mobility offers an opportunity for diversification of the primary energy sources used in transport, but also brings new risks, technological challenges and commercial imperatives...
This paper models the energy systems of Great Britain (GB) and Greece in EnergyPLAN for the year 2020. EnergyPLAN is an analysis tool that simulates energy systems on a national scale. Future alternative scenarios were developed considering smart charging of Electric Vehicles (EVs). The model was run with a range of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) integration and with three different scenarios for...
The continuous growth and evolve of vehicle electrification causes the electric power systems to confront new challenges, since the load profile changes, and new parameters are being set. With the number of EVs gradually rising, problems may occur in technical characteristics of the network, like bus voltages and line congestion [1]. Therefore, it is necessary to develop EV management systems so as...
Wind power is anticipated to be the dominant Renewable Energy Sources (RES) in the UK by the year 2020. It is estimated that, there will be 41 GW of operational offshore wind in the UK beyond the 2020s. This wind penetration would likely increase the excess of electricity production. In this paper the Great Britain (GB) energy system was modelled at the national level for a range of wind power penetration...
Power system security is defined as the ability of a power system to maintain supply without unduly allowing network variables to stray from prescribed ranges. Traditionally, security has been assessed using deterministic criteria e.g. ‘N-1’ or ‘N-2’ under prescribed severe system loading levels. However, such worst-case deterministic approach does not provide explicitly an assessment of the probability...
Battery charging of Electric Vehicles (EVs) will increase the power demand in distribution networks. It is anticipated that this will cause voltage drops, thermal overloads and an increase in losses. These impacts will be affected by the behaviour of the owners of EVs. A typical 3-phase LV residential distribution network model is used to evaluate the effects of EV battery charging on distribution...
An increase in the penetration level of EVs will increase the power demand in distribution networks. This is due to the charging of the batteries of these vehicles. This may cause thermal overloads, voltage drops and an increase in losses. These impacts will be affected by the behaviour of the owners of EVs. The impacts of EVs on a typical LV network were investigated. A probabilistic approach was...
This paper describes a Virtual Power Plant, containing aggregated micro-generation sources and Electric Vehicles as mobile loads. A UK generic distribution network is used to build a VPP comprising several micro-grids. EV and micro-generation penetration levels are projected for the year 2030, based on previous studies. A multi time period optimization is performed to minimise carbon emissions and...
A future perspective micro-grid with a medium-term prediction for 2030 is described. The present state of intentional islanding is briefly reviewed. Distributed Generators (DGs) and Electric Vehicles (EVs) to sustain the local distribution system in the event of interruption of supply are considered. Projections regarding their availability are presented and different penetration scenarios are addressed...
This paper describes research carried out at Durham University to investigate the effects of high penetrations of Small Scale Wind Turbines (SSWTs) on LV distribution networks. This work aims to develop techniques to overcome network constraints and increase the value of Small Scale Embedded Generators (SSEGs). The paper concentrates on the effects of high levels of SSWTs on the voltage quality of...
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