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The Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), the Hassan II Institute of Agronomics and Veterinary Science (IAV) and Targa-Aid association (Rabat/Morocco) undertook a joint project to implement an electrification technique from different types of renewable sources, supplying small networks of isolated consumers. To help select the best solution among several production variants for satisfying...
The following topics were covered:- renewable sources; electrification; wind generators; solar panels; hybrid diesel generators; CHP plants; fuel cells; energy saving; load balancing; photovoltaics.
This paper describes research carried out at Durham University to investigate the effects of high penetrations of Small Scale Wind Turbines (SSWTs) on LV distribution networks. This work aims to develop techniques to overcome network constraints and increase the value of Small Scale Embedded Generators (SSEGs). The paper concentrates on the effects of high levels of SSWTs on the voltage quality of...
The objective of this paper is to determine a simple controller for street lighting application using an energy shaping method (Passivity-Based Control (PBC)). The idea is to supply such lights with clean electricity and isolated from the network. To answer this problem, one solution consists on the association of photovoltaic (PV) panel and battery. Battery can store energy from PV panel during the...
Constant Speed diesel generators have been used in remote and isolated areas to provide electricity for over half a century and in this time they have remained largely unchanged. Although they have been mated with other forms of generation, especially Wind and Photovoltaic successfully but generally to the detriment of the diesel generator. To alleviate this problem in this paper a modelled a variable...
MicroGrids comprise low voltage distribution systems with distributed energy sources, storage devices and controllable loads, operated interconnected with the main power grid or autonomously, in a controlled coordinated way. Storage devices are absolutely essential for MicroGrid autonomous operation. However, depending on the operating conditions, their limited storage capacity is a major drawback...
The Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, the Hassan II Institute of Agronomics and Veterinary Science (IAV), and Targa-Aid association undertook a joint project to develop a technique for producing electrical energy from renewable primary energy sources to supply small networks of isolated consumers. Specific attention was paid to sustainable development issues, namely, the integration of social,...
Climatic changes, environmental issues and Unite resources are keywords in the current discussion about the future of the energy sector. Because of the liberalisation of the energy markets a stronger tendency to decentralisation and to the combined generation of heat and power has become evident, and thus the opportunities of utilising renewable sources will increase. It is the task of the "Demonstration...
Small CHP plants within the range of one megawatt electric power and a few megawatts thermal power might be well suited in supplying heat and electricity for small communities. Hermetically sealed turbo-generator improves the cost-effectiveness of such small-power CHP plants. In such a structure, the low pressure, low temperature steam from the turbine flows through the air-gap of the generator. On...
Owing to technology innovations, electricity market liberalization and environmental concern, many small-scale generators, or distributed generation (DG), using both renewable energy and fossil fuel resources, are rapidly brought to the power networks. The connection of DG may change the operation and the topology of distribution systems. This may influence voltage control, protection regime, safety...
Because of their appropriate characteristics (huge capacitance, weak serial resistance), of direct storage (energy ready for use) and of easy control through the power electronic conversion, the use of supercapacitors as a storage element is quite suitable to the embarked electrical energy management. This new supercapacitive device of storage having high dynamic performances offers the possibility...
Analysis of operation of the six-phase traction drives with two isolated DC sources, controlled in accordance with basic schemes of synchronized pulsewidth modulation (PWM), has been performed. The analyzed drive topology uses two three-phase inverters having different DC link voltages. Two basic control schemes for the six-phase drives with synchronized PWM have been investigated: (1) control on...
The presented research project is inserted in the energy management field, focusing the attention on the electric power recovery during the train operation in the subway transportation systems, in order to use part of the energy coming from the vehicles during the many braking phases that characterize the vehicle operating cycle. The goal of this research is to find out the best suitable solution...
This paper describes the implementation and testing of a fuel cell system for powering the on-board electrical load of a pick-up truck that is being converted to a hydrogen-internal combustion engine. The fuel cell is assisted by a supercapacitor bank during engine starting which requires a much larger current. The sizing of the system components is determined from actual current demand of various...
The Darwin project is a six months journey on the sailing boat Adriatica that follows, in the backward direction, the Darwin's route towards Galapagos islands aboard Beagle. Enel is contributing to the project equipping Adriatica, i.e. the 22 m/50 tons sailing boat that will follow Darwin's route, with renewable energy generation systems allowing a sensible decrease of diesel fuel consumption required...
The paper describes a hybrid dual mode traction system consisting of a standard catenary-supplied, high-speed electrical motor coupled with a genuine hybrid configuration consisting of a gas turbine generator and a suitable pack of accumulators. The concept is first analysed in detail from a general feasibility point of view, and expressions are derived for its energy balances on an arbitrary mission...
Due to the increasing frequency of short grid failures since the liberalization of energy market and the interest for new energy recourses such as wind and sun, the idea grow to make an energy management system that combines UPS functionality and renewable energy sources to cover grid failure. We found an invertor/charger combination capable for this purpose and used lead batteries as energy buffer...
The paper deals with a microgrid test facility, settled at the CESI RICERCA laboratories, equipped with various distributed energy resources (DERs) and connected to a LV network. The operation of such a microgrid is supervised by a central automatic microgrid management system (MMS). The paper first reports and discusses some experimental results carried out for the assessment of DERs performance...
Market mechanisms behind electricity utilities in the field of network operation services have earlier been studied with a focus on experienced costs, risks and benefits. However, the corresponding analysis is in this study performed for the counterparts of electricity utilities, that is, the service providers. The theoretical framework of the study is based on transactional cost economics. Further,...
This paper presents a methodology for maintenance-interval scheduling of equipment considering maintenance effect. By means of an operable ordering list of maintenance effects, all elements in a system can be ranked. For different purpose, maintenance intervals of elements can be scheduled as below. In order to reduce maintenance cost remarkably within a scale of system availability decrease, maintenance...
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