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In 3GPP Rel-13, a narrowband system, named Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT), has been introduced to provide low-cost, low-power, wide-area cellular connectivity for the Internet of Things. Further enhancements have been made to this system in subsequent 3GPP releases. In this paper, we describe Rel-14 enhancements that have been standardized for NB-IoT. They include positioning support, multicast...
The Internet of Things (IoT) is expected to reach a massive scale in the next few years and LTE has introduced a feature in Rel-13 called eMTC to support wide-area connectivity for IoT devices. One important trend for IoT is the integration of voice capability into the devices. However, low-cost, low-complexity IoT User Equipment (UE) typically supports only half-duplex communication and low data...
In 3GPP Rel-13, a narrowband wide-area cellular system, named Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT), has been introduced to provide low-cost, low-power connectivity for the Internet of Things. This system, based on Long Term Evolution (LTE) technology, can be deployed in three operation modes - in-band within LTE carrier, in the guard-band of LTE carrier, and stand-alone. Guard-band deployment allows...
In 3GPP Rel-13, a narrowband system, named Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT), has been introduced to provide low-cost, low-power, wide-area cellular connectivity for the Internet of Things. This system, based on Long Term Evolution (LTE) technology, supports most LTE functionalities albeit with essential simplifications to reduce device complexity. Further optimizations to increase coverage,...
In 3GPP, a narrowband system based on Long Term Evolution (LTE) has been introduced to support the Internet of Things. This system, named Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT), provides low-cost devices, high coverage (20 dB improvement over LTE/GPRS), long device battery life (more than 10 years), and massive capacity. Latency is relaxed although a delay budget of 10 seconds is the target for exception...
In 3GPP Rel-13, a narrowband system based on Long Term Evolution (LTE) is being introduced to provide wide-area cellular connectivity for the Internet of Things. This system, named Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT), can be deployed in three different operation modes - (1) stand-alone as a dedicated carrier, (2) in-band within the occupied bandwidth of a wideband LTE carrier, and (3) within the...
In band full duplex communication has been proposed as a technique in 5G to increase spectral efficiency. Traditionally full duplex wireless communication has been considered very challenging due to large self-interference that is generated. However in recent years researchers have begun to challenge this assumption with breakthroughs in self- interference can-cellation (SIC). Most work on full duplex...
In 3GPP, a narrowband system based on Long Term Evolution (LTE) is being introduced to support the Internet of Things. This system, named Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT), can be deployed in three different operation modes — (1) stand-alone as a dedicated carrier, (2) in-band within the occupied bandwidth of a wideband LTE carrier, and (3) within the guard-band of an existing LTE carrier. In...
In 3GPP, a narrowband system based on Long Term Evolution (LTE) is being introduced to support the Internet of Things. This system, named Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT), can be deployed in three different operation modes - (1) stand-alone as a dedicated carrier, (2) in-band within the occupied bandwidth of a wideband LTE carrier, and (3) within the guard-band of an existing LTE carrier. In...
In 4G Long-Term Evolution (LTE), numerous features for supporting machine type communications have been introduced. For wide area deployment, ubiquitous coverage is an important requirement. In Rel-13 of LTE specifications, coverage enhancement feature is being introduced. This feature will significantly extend LTE cell coverage to provide services to machines that are installed indoors or in coverage...
Millimeter wave (mmWave) frequencies are being considered for future generation cellular systems because of the large amount of available spectrum in those bands (e.g., 10 GHz in the E-band alone). Additionally large scale antenna arrays with high gain adaptive beamforming are viewed as critical for overcoming the poor path loss conditions in the mmWave bands. User-specific beamforming can solve the...
Machine-type communications (MTC) enables a broad range of applications from mission- critical services to massive deployment of autonomous devices. To spread these applications widely, cellular systems are considered as a potential candidate to provide connectivity for MTC devices. The ubiquitous deployment of these systems reduces network installation cost and provides mobility support. However,...
The Internet of Things will bring about billions of connected devices. In the cellular space, machine type communications using LTE is under consideration by many operators. LTE, however, was designed to provide broadband high-speed data service with very low latency. Machine type communications, on the other hand, have a different set of requirements, namely low-rate, low-overhead, low-power-consumption,...
This paper investigates the impact of radar interference on LTE by directly injecting narrow-band radar waveforms into a state of the art LTE down-link simulator. We show detailed results demonstrating the impact of interference on various parts of LTE signaling including reference symbols. Then we show how the presence of radar interference causes errors in the noise and interference estimates, impacts...
Device-to-device (D2D) communication is a new feature being introduced to LTE in 3GPP Release 12. This feature will provide proximity services including support for public safety applications. For D2D communication within the network coverage area, network assistance is very beneficial for interference management purpose to ensure reliable communication. In this case, a simple algorithm can be used...
Deployment of LTE in unlicensed bands is being considered in Rel-13 of LTE. This feature is called Licensed-Assisted Access (LAA) using LTE. Unlicensed band is attractive due to the large amount of available spectrum. However, in shared spectrum the coexistence between LAA and WiFi systems becomes a primary challenge. This paper presents an analytical framework to investigate the downlink coexistence...
Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications is considered to be one of the key enablers for the provisioning of advanced applications and services such as smart cities and hospitals, as well as automated vehicular and industrial automation operation. Currently, in LTE-Advanced systems, the main focus has been on supporting massive deployment of low cost devices, with enhanced radio access network coverage...
It is forecasted that mobile data traffic will increase 1000-fold from 2010 to 2020. As a result, the network must evolve to meet the large and rapidly growing data demand. An effective approach for increasing network capacity is to use additional spectrum. In Rel-13, LTE deployment in unlicensed spectrum is being considered. This feature is called Licensed-Assisted Access (LAA) using LTE. Unlicensed...
The Internet of Things will bring billions of devices that are inter-connected using cellular networks. LTE cellular systems are being deployed worldwide and will remain in place for the foreseeable future. However, LTE was designed for high data-rate broadband services. Even with M2M features being added in LTE Rel-12, it is not optimized for low data-rate and wide area M2M services such as smart...
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