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The closed loop structure of ring-oscillator based integer-N PLLs, to achieve a desired phase margin, is thoroughly analyzed. Furthermore, a straightforward design methodology is implicitly introduced. The analysis proves that the ratio of the large capacitance to the small one, for a 65 degrees phase margin, in the loop filter of integer-N PLLs, should be at least 20 rather than 7 to 10, which is...
In this article, an analog fully programmable membership function generator (MFG) is presented. It is capable of generating Gaussian, Triangular and Trapezoidal shapes as well as S or Z shapes. For omitting noise disturbances, differential structures are utilized in input and output stages which are in voltage mode and current mode, respectively. In contrast with conventional MFGs which are controlled...
A novel high speed and tunable transconductor suitable for analog and mixed-signal fuzzy circuits operating in current mode and a high linear MIN circuit are proposed. Using this OTA, we construct are high speed Gaussian and trapezoidal-shaped fuzzifier and implement S-shaped and Z-shaped function with all parameters (slop, width, and position) independently and continuously tunable, and excellent...
This paper proposes a procedure to implement a Gaussian-shaped membership function for fuzzy systems. It is characterized by independency of any references to generate the membership function and simple adjustability of the Gaussian function parameters. Power consumption is decreased through the use of the current- mode design techniques. Higher Power Supply Rejection Ratio (PSRR) is also achieved...
In carry-select adders (CSAs), using a single ripple carry adder and a first zero finder (FZF) circuit instead of dual ripple carry adder has an impressive impact on reduction of number of transistors and so power consumption of adder. On the other hand, combination of CSA and carry-lookahead adder (CLA) improves speed of this adder. In this paper a 64-bit static adder with structure of a hybrid CLA/CSA...
In this paper a nano-watt current-mode circuit to realize the center of gravity (COG) defuzzifier is presented. The all transistors operate in weak inversion region, so the power consumption is very low (150nw) and the circuit has low complexity in comparison with the previous circuits. The circuit operates with a single supply voltage of 0.8V. Hspice simulation results in 0.35µm technology verify...
In the majority of the digital designs, adder is the basic building block of the most computational systems. Recently, increasing the speed of adders has been a challenging issue for most of researchers. In this article, a developed adding method is proposed for half adder (HA) based pipeline adders where the output evaluating and latching operations are combined together. As the output functions...
In this paper, a fully programmable membership function generator (MFG) is proposed. This MFG is capable of generating triangular, trapezoidal, and both S-shaped and Z-shaped membership functions simultaneously. Utilizing a differential pair as an analog switch leads to relax the design of fuzzy systems control part. This MFG has the ability of adapting itself with various fuzzy controllers which...
In this paper a reference-less membership function generator (MFG) is proposed to avoid off-chip reference generation. In this MFG a fewer number of pins are needed for the adjustment of the membership functions properties. Therefore, more number of pins are left free for fuzzy controller to transmit information through these pins. This MFG accepts differential input voltages and generates differential...
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