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We report on novel integrated Se-based Ovonic Threshold Switching selector devices, with sizes down to 50nm, which can be operated reliably at high drive current densities, exceeding 20MA/cm2, and have high half-bias nonlinearity exceeding well 103. We show functional devices after a thermal budget of 350°C. Their electrical properties are tunable by careful control of the GexSe1−x films composition,...
L10 FePt displays a large magneto-crystalline anisotropy (Ku ∼ 7 × 107 ergs/cc), thereby making it a potential candidate for advanced recording technologies such as heat assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) [1, 2]. There have been many studies to tailor the properties of L10 FePt for practical application in hard disk drives (HDDs). These include control of grain size by addition of impurities, use...
In this paper, the performance of cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) is assessed in the presence of Hoyt fading. A cognitive radio (CR) user, which senses the primary users (PUs) using an energy detector (ED) in sensing channel (S-channel), is censored on the basis of the quality of the reporting channel (R-channel). A threshold-based censoring scheme is used: CR users, whose estimated R-channel fading...
Energy conservation is one of the most important issues in wireless ad hoc and sensor networks, where nodes are likely to rely on limited battery power. This paper analyzes the performance of a CDMA WSN, in terms of lifetime of the network, where nodes are placed in a random fashion. A routing protocol is proposed and simulated where selection of intermediate nodes is governed by a parameter which...
In this paper, the performance of a cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) is evaluated, considering maximal ratio combining (MRC) fusion in the presence of Rayleigh fading. A cognitive radio (CR) senses the primary users (PUs) using an energy detector (ED) in the sensing channel (S-channel). If a CR is selected to transmit its local decisions to a fusion centre (FC), it does so using a reporting (R)-channel...
This paper investigates the reaction of chloroform under non oxidative conditions in a quartz dielectric barrier discharge reactor. A non thermal plasma is generated in the dielectric barrier discharge reactor at atmospheric pressure where argon functions as a carrier gas and is mixed with chloroform and fed into the plasma zone. Parameters such as chloroform conversion, product distribution, reactor...
In this paper, the performance of cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) has been assessed in presence of Rayleigh fading. A cognitive radio (CR) senses the primary users (PUs) using an energy detector (ED) in sensing channel (S-channel). If a CR is selected to transmit its local decisions to a fusion centre (FC), it does so using a reporting (R)-channel with binary phase shift keying (BPSK) signaling...
Power conservation is one of the most important issues in wireless ad hoc and sensor networks, where nodes are likely to rely on limited battery power. Bit error rate (BER) is the key performance indicator of an efficient network system. This paper evaluates the performance of a static CDMA wireless sensor network (WSN) in terms of BER, where the positions of nodes are more likely to be random. Data...
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L) belongs to the family Solanaceae, which is extensively grown around the world. In Agriculture and Horticulture, the genetic purity of cultivars is critical to farmers, plant breeders, seed producers and as well as regulatory agencies. The genetic and morphological shape based features are used to classify different tomato cultivars and species. However, the large variations...
Power conservation is one of the most important issues in wireless ad hoc and sensor networks, where nodes are likely to rely on limited battery power. In this paper we evaluate multi-hop based data transmission performance of a static CDMA wireless sensor network (WSN), where the positions of nodes are random. Data generated from the source node is received by the sink via multi hop, where an intermediate...
In this paper, we consider a binary decision fusion problem for a wireless sensor network, with flat Rayleigh fading, where the sensors make local binary decisions on the status of a common binary phenomenon. A training-based channel estimator is used at the fusion center (FC) to estimate the complex Gausssian fading coefficients characterizing the (direct) links between sensors and FC. This (estimated)...
Power consumption has become a major cause of concern spanning from data centres to handheld devices. Traditionally, improvement in power-performance efficiency of a modern superscalar processor came from technology scaling. However, that is no longer the case. Many of the current systems deploy coarse grain voltage and/or frequency scaling for power management. These techniques are attractive, but...
Energy efficient reliable communication over unpredictable wireless medium is a major challenge for resource constrained wireless sensor network. The paper quantitatively evaluates the energy level performance of CDMA wireless sensor networks (WSN) using BCH code based hybrid ARQ-type II and compares it with ARQ for successful transmission of a fixed length packet. The effects of several network parameters...
Every country has their own language and script. This may or may not common to other countries. To communicate with each other we need to have a common language. English is the language that is performing that role. So most of the countries (other than Roman) use bi-script documents. But for countries like India where we have a total of 12 official scripts (and 22 languages) things are more complex...
In this paper, we analyze the performance of a single hop CDMA based wireless sensor network (WSN) using receiving antenna diversity at sink in terms of outage probability and bit error rate (BER). Correlation amongst signal and interferers is considered in large scale fading environment. We assume each node is power controlled while antenna diversity is present only at the sink. Energy consumption...
In this paper, we consider the problem of fusing decisions in a distributed detection system when the local binary decisions made at the sensors, relative to observations of a common binary phenomenon, are transmitted over wireless links subject to Rayleigh flat fading and additive noise. A training-based channel estimator is used at the fusion center (FC) to estimate the complex Gaussian fading coefficients...
Double Patterning Lithography (DPL) is currently being used as part of Resolution Enhancement Technique (RET) in 45nm and 32nm technologies. DPL involves partitioning a layout into two masks to reduce interference from neighboring patterns and improve resolution. Triple pattern lithography has also been suggested as a way to continue scaling with trailing lithography technology. However, due to complexity...
Stringent design rules and RET (resolution enhancement technique) measures prevent occurrence of interconnect opens and shorts. However, success of this strategy depends on completeness of physical design rules. In deep sub-wavelength lithography, all physical design rules or their context sensitivity to reticle position may not be fully understood a priori. As a result defects may arise in silicon...
Localized heating leads to generation of thermal hotspots that affect performance and reliability of a chip. Functional workloads determine the locations and temperature of hotspots on a die. Programs are classified into phases based on program execution profile. During a phase, spatial power dissipation pattern of an application remains unchanged. In this paper we present a systematic approach for...
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