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The wiring system of electronics is often exposed to operational and environmental stress conditions during the lifetime of use condition. As the wiring system ages, these stress conditions degrade the material properties of wires and eventually lead to wire failures that result in arcing and electromagnetic emissions. In order to prevent wire failures, various approaches to diagnosing wire degradation...
We propose the noncontact measurement of elasticity by using an optical fiber heterodyne interferometer and laser ultrasonics. The surface acoustic wave (SAW), that is generated by the laser pulse irradiation on the sample surface and propagating along the surface, is optically monitored by the heterodyne interferometer without taking any contact with the sample. By taking several measurements with...
We present a simple data processing technique that effectively removes undesired signals and extracts hidden sample-induced echoes, accurately determining material parameters in ambient atmosphere. The method is validated by demonstrating refractive index and thickness calculations in transmission and reflection terahertz time-domain measurements.
Electronic systems are exposed to stress conditions during their life cycle. Chemical substances such as moisture and acid are the major source of stresses. The chemical stress condition can induce chemical degradation of electronic components and interconnects including solder joints. Chemical degradation often leads to malfunctions of electronic systems, ultimately resulting in system failure. To...
The development of effective chemotherapy for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB) began in the 1940s and has been reinvigorated recently due to concern regarding the emergence of highly drug-resistant TB strains. This chapter explores the medicinal chemistry efforts that gave rise to current frontline and second-line drugs in global use today and attempts to comprehensively summarize ongoing discovery...
(Ag,Cu)(In,Ga)Se2 (ACIGS) solar cells are optimized at bandgaps greater than 1.2 eV by varying composition profile of the absorber layer using a three-stage evaporation process. Numerical modeling and cumulative process data provides insight into the process. Silver alloying CIGS changes the optimized bandgap profile by reducing carrier concentration, and reducing bandgap gradients. The minimum bandgap...
This paper proposes an adaptive sliding mode control scheme for stabilization of two different stochastic chaotic systems with multi-constraints such as model uncertainties, disturbances, input nonlinearities and stochastic unknown parameters which are generated by the Wiener process. Using an adaptive control and a fuzzy logic systems, model uncertainties, disturbances and stochastic unknown parameters...
In this paper, we developed a complex projective synchronization for complex chaotic systems. We generalized a complex scaling matrix for synchronizing two chaotic systems with different orders. We proposed an adaptive control method to synchronize between drive and response chaotic complex systems with fully unknown parameters. Based on Lyapunov theorem, we proved the stability of the synchronization...
(Ag,Cu)(In,Ga)Se2 thin-films with bandgap 1.3 – 1.6 eV were deposited by three-stage elemental co-evaporation and the group I-rich growth in the second stage of the process was characterized. By interrupting the three-stage growth at the end of the second stage, films were obtained with surface layers of Ag-Cu-Se compounds and underlying chalcopyrite (Ag,Cu)(In,Ga)Se2 layers. Composition measurements...
The demand for high-density low-cost NAND-Flash memory devices is growing due to the increase in the NAND-Flash application market such as SSD for tablet PCs and ultra-books as well as conventional mobile applications such as USB drives and digital still cameras. Various approaches to implement high-density NAND Flash with small area have been introduced to address the market. Moving from a single-level...
In this paper, we proposed a compact and light tri-axial force sensor with four miniaturized photo-interrupters and an elastic component. Compared to previous F/T sensors, the proposed sensor provides a compact size of multi-axial sensing system taking the advantages of optic-based sensor (i.e., low noise of output signal, high cost-performance). Since we determined the design variables with consideration...
This paper proposes an adaptive fuzzy nonsingular terminal sliding mode control (AFNTSMC) scheme for modified function projective synchronization (MFPS) of two different chaotic systems with unknown functions. The proposed scheme combines adaptive fuzzy logic control (AFLC) with fuzzy nonsingular terminal sliding mode control (FNTSMC). The AFLC can estimate the unknown functions. The FNTSMC can reduce...
ReRAM cell performance and reliability have been improved through process optimization. Encapsulated ReRAM cell with SiN capping layer shows excellent endurance, read disturb, and retention characteristics. We demonstrated that effective oxygen barrier encapsulation is critical for keeping ReRAM performance in an aggressively scaled technology node.
In this paper adaptive backstepping terminal sliding mode synchronization for a class of uncertain chaotic system is proposed. For finite-time convergence, terminal sliding mode scheme is adopted to backstepping design procedure. It is assumed that only output is measured. Error dynamics is calculated from the difference of output in drive-response system. Finite-time convergent observer is used to...
Social networks and Web 2.0 is too appear to has caused a huge flood data. The present research and develop is associated with a variety of technology and especially variety of technology is appear the concurrent processing for data. That many users do not have a Korea is not a lot, but recently the trend is rising in presence, be this way Hadoop to analyze In the flow of data and parallel processing...
We propose a robust adaptive backstepping design method to realize function projective synchronization between different master and slave chaotic systems. The slave system has parametric uncertainties and external disturbance. Parameter update law is derived to synchronize the slave with the master system based on the Lyapunov stability theory. The proposed scheme guarantees that the errors are uniformly...
For wiring boards used in electronic equipment, the demand for a flexible wiring board is increased due to its lightweight, thin features and flexibility. A typical construction of the flexible wiring board includes a polyimide film, used as an electrically insulating base material, a thin metal tiecoat, a copper seedcoat, and a layer of electrodeposited copper. The tiecoat metal is either chromium...
We fabricated a carbon nanotube based gas sensor for the detection of CO and NH3 mixed gas. Conventional photolithography technology was applied for the localization of sensing materials and the sensor fabrication. Single walled carbon nanotubes were dispersed in Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) solution. The whole surface was covered by a photoresist except window areas between two electrodes. Carbon...
Measurements of the variation of vacuum level inside of field emission device when electron is emitted from carbon nanotubes (CNT) by electric field were performed. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) sensor packaged with a vacuum device is used to measure the degree of a vacuum until the end of the vacuum device life. It was found that the electrical properties of MWCNTs altered with the degree...
Several nanoscale patterns were fabricated over a quartz substrate coated with an UV resin for cell culture. Holography lithography and nanoimprint lithography were applied for the development of the original patterns and replicas. Human osteoblasts were cultured over the patterned surface and showed interesting features including long extension of filopodia and lamellipodium formation.
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