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We have theoretically investigated the specific contact resistivity of n-type Si and Ge metal-insulator-semiconductor contacts with various insulating oxides. We have found a significant reduction of the contact resistivity for both Si and Ge with an insertion of insulators at low and moderate donor doping levels. However, at the higher doping levels (>1020 cmu−3), the reduction of the contact...
The effects of colloidal silica on the CMP of Molybdenum (Mo) are investigated in different slurries with H2O2 as oxidizer. It is found that both RR (removal rate) and SER (static etching rate) decrease after adding colloidal silica into the alkaline slurry. The adsorption between the colloidal silica particles and Mo film is observed. Raman spectra show that silicomolybdic acid forms from reaction...
To support long-term pervasive healthcare services, communications in Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) need to be both reliable and energy-efficient. As a cooperative transmission method, relay transmission scheme works effectively in resisting shadowing effect and improving reliability in WBANs. However, the extra energy consumption introduced by relay transmission is very high, which can shorten...
In this paper, an efficient robust text digital watermarking algorithm is proposed based on watermark fragments regrouping strategy. To enhance watermark robustness, the original watermark is divided into several ordered fragments with an order number firstly, and then these fragments are embedded into document characters redundantly. When some fragments are missed or changed by deleting and tamper...
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