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Wireless microsensors can sense and share data that can save lives, energy, and money. Recharging or replacing thousands of tiny, easily exhaustible batteries, however, is too costly. Fortunately, photovoltaic (PV) cells can generate 100x more power from sunlight than other transducers can from motion, heat, or radiation. But since PV cells cannot supply the milliwatts that microsystems can at times...
Piezoelectric harvesters are popular today because they typically draw more power from kinetic energy in motion than electrostatic and electromagnetic systems. Still, tiny transducers only derive a small fraction of what is available. Thankfully, raising the damping force with which transducers draw power increases that fraction, except overinvesting battery energy for that purpose can overdamp the...
Although energy in vibrations is often vast, the electrostatic force with which tiny variable capacitors draw power from motion is miniscule, so output power is low. Thankfully, extracting energy at higher voltages generates more power because the electrical damping force that impedes motion to draw power is stronger. Clamping the transducer to a battery is convenient in this respect, but limiting...
Wireless microsystems can add performance-enhancing, energy-saving, and networked intelligence to inaccessible places like the human body and large infrastructures like factories, hospitals, and farms. For this, they require an onboard source and a power-conditioning circuit that supply microwatts about a prescribed dc voltage. And since tiny dc batteries store little energy, switched-inductor dc-dc...
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