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During recent decades epidural analgesia has gained widespread recognition in many applications. In this complex procedure, anaesthetist uses a specific needle to inject anesthetic into the epidural space. It is crucial the appropriate insertion of the needle through inhomogeneous tissues placed between the skin and the epidural space to minimize anesthetic-related complications (e.g., nausea, headache,...
Laser Ablation (LA) is a minimally invasive technique for tumor removal. The laser light is guided into the target tissue by a fiber optic applicator; thus the physical features of the applicator tip strongly influence size and shape of the tissue lesion. This study aims to verify the geometry of the lesion achieved by a tapered-tip applicator, and to investigate the percentage of thermally damaged...
The interest on wearable textiles to monitor vital signs is growing in the research field and clinical scenario related to the increasing demands of long-term monitoring.
In mechanical ventilation, in particular when neonates are ventilated, it is crucial to accurately control the amount of the gas delivered to the patients. Mechanical ventilators are equipped with one of more flowmeters. The signal of the flowmeter is used as feedback to control the amount of gas delivered to the patients. Therefore, the accuracy of the flowmeter plays a crucial role in the accurate...
Among several innovative procedures used in the fight against cancers, thermal treatments are gaining acceptance in clinical settings. In these approaches, heat is used to damage cancer cells. Therefore, it is useful to monitor the temperature reached in the tissue undergoing the treatment, in order to improve the outcome of the procedure. Despite the variety of available techniques investigated for...
Wearable sensorized smart textile are gaining interests in medicine for monitoring physiological parameters. Moreover, sensing solutions based on fiber optic technologies have shown promising results for applications in Magnetic Resonance (MR) environment. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the functionality of an MR-compatible smart textile based on six fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors...
Respiratory assessment and the biomechanical analysis of the chest during breathing can be carried out by using motion capture systems. A protocol for positioning photo-reflective markers in specific chest landmarks and a computational method are mandatory in order to compute the breathing volume as a function of time from the markers' trajectories collected. Moreover, from breathing volumes, the...
Temperature knowledge may be beneficial to improve the outcomes of thermal treatments for tumor ablation. Among several thermometric methods, contactless approaches based on diagnostic imaging techniques are attractive for this field. Computed Tomography (CT) images are sensitive to temperature, so some groups of research are working to assess the feasibility of CT-based thermometry for monitoring...
During mechanical ventilation, specific devices are used to heat and to humidify gases delivered by mechanical ventilators. Basically, they must replace the function of the upper airways that are bypassed by tracheostomy or endotracheal tubes. Among others heated wire humidifiers (HWHs) are the most popular to accomplish this task. Their control is not based on the measure of relative humidity (RH)...
Minimally invasive thermal techniques are gaining acceptance in cancer removal. These approaches aim at destroying the tumour while minimizing the damage of surrounding healthy structures. Several solutions have already proved their effectiveness in improving treatment outcomes and in minimizing adverse events. However, it is still challenging to selectively remove the cancer. To help tackle this...
The use of optical technologies may be beneficial when measuring breathing biomechanics. The purpose of this study was twofold: i) to enhance the optoelectronic plethysmography (OEP) algorithm performance for the volume estimation by the use of a novel volume calibration procedure and ii) to compare the OEP volumes gained by a commercial optoelectronic system against actual respiratory volumes measured...
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat tumors by means of hyperthermia, mostly through percutaneous approach. The tissue temperature plays a pivotal role in the achievement of the target volume heating, while sparing the surrounding healthy tissue from thermal damage. Several techniques for thermometry during RFA are investigated, most of them based on the use...
Optical motion capture systems are widely used in biomechanics although have not been significantly explored for measuring volumes and volume variations yet. The aim of this study was to propose and test a completely novel procedure for the calibration of motion capture systems for the breathing analysis in terms of volume measurements, by the use of a tool consisting in an ad-hoc designed in-situ...
Comfortable and easy to wear smart textiles have gained popularity for continuous respiratory monitoring. Among different emerging technologies, smart textiles based on fiber optic sensors (FOSs) have several advantages, like Magnetic Resonance (MR)-compatibility and good metrological properties. In this paper we report on the development and assessment of an MR-compatible smart textiles based on...
Epidural blockade procedures have gained large acceptance during last decades. However, the insertion of the needle during epidural blockade procedures is challenging, and there is an increasing alarming risk in accidental dural puncture. One of the most popular approaches to minimize the mentioned risk is to detect the epidural space on the base of the loss of resistance (LOR) during the epidural...
The aim of the present study was to assess the temperature map and its reproducibility while applying two different MWA systems (915 MHz vs 2.45 GHz) in ex vivo porcine livers.Fifteen fresh pig livers were treated using the two antennae at three different settings: treatment time of 10 min and power of 45 W for both systems; 4 min and 100 W for the 2.45 GHz system.Trends of temperature were recorded...
Bronchial blockers (BBs) allow occluding the bronchial duct and collapsing the “dependent” lung in a number of thoracic surgery. The occlusion is obtained through a cuff that, inflated with a proper air volume, exerts a pressure, Pe, on the inner wall of the mainstem bronchus. In this work a measurement chain, based on two piezorestistive force sensors, was developed and calibrated to measure Pe exerted...
Opto-electronic Plethysmography (OEP) is a motion analysis system used to measure chest wall kinematics and to indirectly evaluate respiratory volumes during breathing. Its working principle is based on the computation of marker displacements placed on the chest wall.
Estimation of optical properties of biologic tissues is determinant for laser dosimetry in medical applications. Tissues highly absorb and scatter the light in near infrared spectrum, where the laser provides therapeutic effects. Novel frontiers of clinical practice, e.g., the employment of laser light for the treatment of pancreatic cancer, require information about pancreas-laser interaction, which...
Computed tomography (CT) thermometry belongs to the wide class of non-invasive temperature monitoring techniques, which includes ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance thermometry. Non-invasive techniques are particularly attractive to be used in hyperthermal procedures for their ability to produce a three-dimensional temperature map and because they overcome the risks related to the insertion of sensing...
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