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This paper describes an integrated bio-reaction platform composed of silicon nanotweezers and open microfluidics for real time biomechanical assays. The silicon nanotweezers can sense slight biological modification of the trapped sample due to stable frequency response with high Q factor in liquid. The microfluidic device integrates active valves for controlling the biological medium. Biomolecular...
This paper demonstrates the real-time sensing of enzymatic reactions on a DNA bundle trapped by silicon nanotweezers. The digestion of DNA in protein solution (Hind III) is monitored by tracking the change in frequency response of the immersed tweezers. This new direct biomechanical detection clears the way for systematic bio tests at the molecular level by an integrated MEMS device.
In a motor protein system (kinesin/microtubule), individual microtubules were captured and relocated to build a complex nano-scale transport system. Micro tweezers, attached to a micromanipulator arm, were used to capture polarity marked microtubules. Precise relocation of those microtubules provided an oriented track along which kinesin-coated beads move according to the microtubule polarities.
We have utilized a cytoskeleton, microtubule (MT), as a template for conductive nanowires. Biotin-labeled MTs were coated with streptavidin-labeled nanogold (NG) particles. Labeling of two modified MTs, biotin-labeled and NG-coated MTs, were evaluated by fluorescent and scanning electron microscopy, which verified the specific binding of NG particles on biotin-labeled MTs. Then, NG-coated MTs were...
This study presents a method for monitoring kinetics of biological interaction using photothermally-actuated microcantilevers resonating in liquid. The surface of the cantilever was functionalized with anti-insulin-antibody to monitor insulin. By varying the insulin concentration, different reaction kinetics were observed in real time by monitoring the resonance frequency shift (Deltafr) of the MEMS...
This paper describes a microdevice which is able to form and fuse 200 pL droplets containing biological materials in open environment by dielectrophoretic liquid actuation. To date, it is the smallest quantity manipulated by droplet in open space. The performance of this microdevice was confirmed by an enzymatic reaction validated by fluorescence.
Molecular biophysicists seek to understand how biological systems work through mechanical or electrical characterizations performed at the molecular scale. From this perspective, we have devised a silicon-based micromechanical tool for stress-strain measurements of molecular fibers and demonstrated micro manipulation and biomechanical characterization of DNA bundles in a liquid solution. By combining...
A lambdaDNA manipulation by motor proteins has been demonstrated by designing a fully self-assembled molecular system. Each end of lambdaDNA was modified by biotin and digoxin, respectively, based on fragment labeling and ligation methods. Digoxin-functionalized end was immobilized on a glass surface coated with anti-digoxigenin antibody. Biotinylated end was freely suspended and experienced Brownian...
Artificial nanotransport inspired by intracellular transport processes has been investigated for over a decade using the motor protein kinesin and microtubules to achieve unidirectional cargo transport. Here, we demonstrate simultaneous bidirectional nanotransport of microspheres by integrating the oppositely directed motor proteins, kinesin and dynein, with an oriented microtubule track. Our statistical...
A hybrid bio-electrical system for direct transportation and electrofusion of oil droplets is proposed. A motor protein system, kinesin/microtubule, was used to transport kinesin-coated oil droplets along microtubules oriented and immobilized on a glass surface. The attachment between the biotinylated-kinesin and the functionalized oil droplet was achieved using the biotin-streptavidin binding. Fusion...
We describe electrostatically actuated silicon nanotweezers which are intended for the manipulation and characterization of filamentary molecules. The microelectromechanical system consists of a pair of opposing tips whose distance can be accurately adjusted by means of an integrated differential capacitive sensor. The fabrication process is based on silicon-on-insulator technology and combines KOH...
A bio-hybrid microsystem for sorting and carrying target molecules by bio-functional molecules is presented. Different target molecules, biotin-4-fluorescein and Rabbit anti-mouse IgG labeled with Alexa Fluor 568, were selectively attached on different beads (Streptavidin-coated and protein A-coated beads). Target molecules were separately transported by a motor protein system (kinesin on beads /...
We describe the design and manufacture of a thin film thermo-couple (TFTC) which is intended for real time observations of temperature-dependant phenomena of biological systems. The TFTC design aims at shortening its response time. The TFTC manufacturing process combines platinum, silica and chromium sputtering with reactive ion etching (RIE) on glass substrate. Our device consists of a platinum wire...
Direct temperature measurement inside the micro chamber, in the order of few femtoliter in volume, is the key technology for the up coming experiments in single molecular observation. The temperature inside the cylinder shaped micro chamber, 8 mum indiameter and 2.2 mum in height, was directly detected. The temperature was calculated from the temperature dependent fluorescent intensity of Rhodamine...
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