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Routinely surface solar radiation and aerosol optical depth (AOD) were measured at Kathmandu Valley during all possible days of the year from December 2011 to March 2013 to investigate the effects of aerosols on the surface solar radiation in clear sky. The analysis shows that the solar radiation changes with maximum (15.64 MJ/m2) in pre monsoon season to minimum (7.08 MJ/m2) in winter season whereas...
Prices of crude oil are highly volatile. Across the globe, conventional power generation system is facing the problems of gradual depletion of fossil fuel resources, poor energy efficiency and environmental pollution. Global pressure is mounting to reduce green-house gases (GHC). As a part of Kyoto protocol political institutions from EU and UK have agreed to reduce substantially emissions of CO2...
The rural areas in developing countries mostly rely on conventional non-commercial fuels like woods, forest byproducts, agricultural residue and animal wastes. But the requirements for commercial fuels like kerosene eats away their petty incomes. In this regard, this paper investigates on the basis of a case study the adequacy of the Hybrid Solar Wind Power System. Among the various renewable resources,...
The customers survey technique for outage cost estimation has been widely used by electric utilities in the developed countries. Customers surveys conducted in developing countries are rarely reported. Very few outage cost customers surveys conducted in developing countries are reported in the literature for residential, industrial and commercial customer categories. However, this is the first attempt...
Energy security in Least Developed Countries(LDC) is a major challenge that needs to be addressed properly. The volatile nature of international energy market has aggravated the energy crisis in Nepal which depends for 100% on imports for petroleum oil products and coal. With very low rate of electricity penetration, the rural poor are dependent on kerosene for lighting purposes. Spiraling prices...
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