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The downstream as well as the upstream oil and gas industry has for a number of years been aware of the potential for flame acceleration and overpressure generation due to obstacles in gas clouds caused by leaks of flammable substances. To a large extent the obstacles were mainly considered to be equipment, piping, structure etc. typically found in many installations. For land based installations...
A novel reliability evaluation method for large nonlinear engineering systems excited by dynamic loading applied in time domain is presented. For this class of problems, the performance functions are expected to be function of time and implicit in nature. Available first- or second-order reliability method (FORM/SORM) will be challenging to estimate reliability of such systems. Because of its inefficiency,...
Opencast mining may lead to natural erosion of ore material due to overland flow of water accumulated from rainfall. The overland flow may ultimately reach the nearby surface water body. This process may lead to the release of U-238 and its daughter products into the surface water body. The present study is carried out to assess the radiological impact of the erosion in terms of dose due to U-238...
In the field of nuclear technology risk assessment due to inadvertent release of radioactivity during mal-operation of a reactor is an important task from the point of risk informed decision making to implement the appropriate protective measures during a radiation emergency. Probabilistic method of risk analysis may not be appropriate due to lack of data or difficulty to specify the appropriate probability...
Enhanced defence-in-depth is incorporated in the proposed Advanced Heavy Water Reactor (AHWR) as a part of their fundamental safety approach to ensure that the levels of protection in defence-in-depth shall be more independent from each other than in existing installation. Safety is enhanced by incorporating into their designs, increased emphasis on inherently safe characteristics and passive systems...
Even after so many years of research and development in building formal software specification languages, they are not yet popular in the industry for real-world applications. The number of reported success of using formal methods in industrial applications still remains very low. The reasons include: difficulty in learning new and complex mathematical notations, scarcity of experts in the field and...
As most of the high-technology companies are trying to be more demand driven, technological innovation and diffusion have become important force in markets today. It critically affects the fortunes of consumers, firms, and nations. Despite research across many disciplines, many important areas still remain to be explored fully. Consumer adoption decision for multi-generation innovation is one such...
The design of Control Room in Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) ensures that the operator is informed with accurate, complete and timely status of the plant equipment and applicable systems, notwithstanding the means for operating the plant safely under all Design Basis Events. The Control Room panels consist of several components arranged in a sequential fashion that are helpful in monitoring and control...
Condition monitoring helps to avoid unexpected failures of equipments. Rolling element bearings are critical components in rotating equipments. Vibration analysis is a common method used for defect detection and diagnosis of rotating equipments without effecting their operation. The measured vibration signal contains noise, modulations and low frequency components due to unbalance, misalignment, structural...
The Application for Renewal of Authorisation (ARA) is to be submitted by Operating Nuclear Power Stations to Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB) in India to obtain the consent for operation of plant for the next authorization period. One of the most important elements of this Application for Renewal of Authorisation (ARA) is Reliability Safety Analysis of Safety & Engineered Safety Systems....
Unlike other electronic component manufacturers, many LED manufacturers do not provide board-level thermal cycling test results as a part of the part information. The users of LEDs need to determine the durability of solder joints under their application conditions and circuit board material and geometry. Simulation of solder joint reliability can help system developers to make design decisions. The...
Ageing of systems and components in nuclear power plants is a well known phenomenon that must be managed to ensure the continued safe operation of these plants. Much of the degradation due to ageing is controlled through periodic maintenance and/or components replacement. However, there are components such as electric cables that do not receive periodic maintenance or monitoring once they are installed...
Containment threats during severe accidents may arise due to fuel-coolant interactions, hydrogen combustion, molten core-concrete interactions, and long-term pressure and temperature loading. The objective of the paper is to bring out important issues in the assessment of containment integrity during severe accidents for PWR and PHWR. The issues are identified by extensive review and synthesis of...
Severe accident analysis of a reactor is an important aspect in evaluation of source term. This in turn helps in emergency planning and Severe Accident Management (SAM). The use of the severe accident management guideline (SAMG) is required for accident situation which is not handled adequately through the use of Emergency Operating Procedures (EOP), thus leading to a partial or a total core melt...
The fuel channel forms an outer cover of the fuel assembly for the Boiling Water Reactor at Tarapur Atomic Power Station, (TAPS) Tarapur. Fuel channels are made of Zircaloy-4 material having square section of 113.5 × 113.5mm, wall thickness of 1.5mm and length of 4029mm. The two major factors which affect fuel channel's performance are `Bulge' and `Bow', mainly attributed to the neutron flux gradient...
Loss of material by erosion corrosion is one of the primary degradation mechanisms in feed water heater extraction pipes of PHWR Nuclear Power Plants. If the thickness of the piping component is reduced below the critical level, it cannot sustain the load and results in leakage or rupture. The paper includes the factors affecting Erosion Corrosion and prediction of Erosion corrosion rate using Kastner's...
The customers survey technique for outage cost estimation has been widely used by electric utilities in the developed countries. Customers surveys conducted in developing countries are rarely reported. Very few outage cost customers surveys conducted in developing countries are reported in the literature for residential, industrial and commercial customer categories. However, this is the first attempt...
Real life situations contain uncertainties of different levels, which lead to off-target performance. The study and assurance of performance under probabilistic environment is the main aim of reliability analysis. Finite Element Analysis is a tool which analyzes structures, among other things, for different criteria and simulates the failure modes revealing weakest sections. Stochastic Finite Element...
The probabilistic and possibilistic methods of reliability analysis of structures have been developed independently. However, the designers will prefer the flexibility of modeling the structural parameter uncertainty either probabilistically or possibilistically depending on the nature and quality of the available data. Thereby, the complex structural model will involve both types of uncertain parameters...
There are several equipment failure databases originating in the nuclear power plant that are successfully used in quantitative risk analysis applications Le, probabilistic safety assessment (PSA). Regulatory bodies (like AERB, India) now accept the importance and use of databases for safety and reliability studies in the nuclear industry as industry practice. Databases containing human error data...
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