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To handle complexity, embedded software is usually divided into components that are developed independently from each other and then need to be integrated in a reliable and deterministic manner. This involves buffering and synchronizing exchanged signals, as well as finding a feasible execution schedule, which is a tedious and error-prone procedure. We propose a model of computation that enables a...
In the context of active cell balancing of electric vehicle battery cells, we deal with circuit architectures for inductor-based charge transfer and the corresponding high-level modeling and strategy development. In this work, we introduce a circuit architecture to transfer charge between arbitrarily many source and destination cells (many-to-many) for the first time and analyze the advantages over...
This paper proposes a novel approach to security analysis of automotive architectures at the system-level. With an increasing amount of software and connectedness of cars, security challenges are emerging in the automotive domain. Our proposed approach enables assessment of the security of architecture variants and can be used by decision makers in the design process. First, the automotive Electronic...
In this paper, for the first time, we propose a battery- and aging-aware optimization framework for embedded control systems design in electric vehicles (EVs). Performance and reliability of an EV are influenced by feedback control loops implemented into in-vehicle electrical/electronic (E/E) architecture. In this context, we consider the following design aspects of an EV: (i) battery usage, (ii)...
This paper proposes a schedule synthesis approach taking fault diagnosis and testability into account at design time. Over the last years, the amount of automotive software and hardware has been successively growing. As a consequence, the complexity of present-day Electrical and Electronic (E/E) architectures reached a state where current fault detection mechanisms are often not sufficient or computationally...
Past years have seen intense research on reliability techniques for error detection recovery at various levels ranging from circuit level up to architectural level or even software level. In such scenarios, affordable techniques for error correction usually imply a timing penalty, e.g., check-pointing usually requires to repeat some part of the computation, which imposes a higher computation time...
Today, the battery life of mobile devices like smart-phones stand as a major obstacle between us and our favorite games. Our goal is to solve this problem using customized power management policies tailored for interactive workloads like game applications. In contrast to video processing, power management for gaming applications is a new field of study and has to account for workload changes based...
In the last three years, a number of automotive Augmented Reality (AR) concepts and demonstrators have been presented, all looking for an interpretation of what AR in a car may look like. In October 2013, Mercedes-Benz exhibited to a public audience the AR In-Vehicle Infotainment (AR-IVI) system aimed at defining an overall in-vehicle electric/electronic (E/E) architecture for augmented reality rather...
This paper introduces a novel approach to battery management. In contrast to state-of-the-art solutions where a central Battery Management System (BMS) exists, we propose an Embedded Battery Management (EBM) that entirely decentralizes the monitoring and control of the battery pack. For this purpose, each cell of the pack is equipped with a Cell Management Unit (CMU) that monitors and controls local...
Current mobile devices extensively run video players that are power hungry. Further, higher power densities as a result of technology scaling results in higher on-chip temperatures. Unlike general purpose computer systems, mobile devices that run on batteries cannot afford to have expensive cooling mechanisms. Therefore, in order to satisfy thermal constraints while running power hungry applications,...
In this paper, we describe how we combine active and passive user input modes in clinical environments for knowledge discovery and knowledge acquisition towards decision support in clinical environments. Active input modes include digital pens, smartphones, and automatic handwriting recognition for a direct digitalisation of patient data. Passive input modes include sensors of the clinical environment...
On behalf of the IEEE Technical Committee on Real-Time Systems, it is our pleasure to welcome you to the 20th IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS 2014), held in Berlin, Germany, as part of the Cyber-Physical Systems Week!
This paper presents an approach to optimal dimensioning of active cell balancing architectures, which are of increasing relevance in Electrical Energy Storages (EESs) for Electric Vehicles (EVs) or stationary applications such as smart grids. Active cell balancing equalizes the state of charge of cells within a battery pack via charge transfers, increasing the effective capacity and lifetime. While...
We deal with synthesis of distributed embedded control systems closed over a faulty or severely constrained communication network. Such overloaded communication networks are common in cost-sensitive domains such as automotive. Design of such systems aims to meet all deadlines following the traditional notion of schedulability. In this work, we aim to exploit robustness of the controller and propose...
Automotive Electrical/Electronic (E/E)-architectures consist of various components which are generally developed independently. Due to the increasing size and complexity, component integration is highly challenging and already slight modifications to components or subsystems often require expensive re-testing and re-validation. As a remedy, we propose a framework for modular architectures based on...
This paper presents a novel approach to detect resources in distributed systems with an increased occurrence of intermittent faults that exceed the amount of unavoidable transient faults caused by environmental phenomena. Intermittent faults occur due to stressed resources and often are a precursor of permanent faults. The proposed early fault detection and diagnosis allows the use of precautionary...
The design process of safety-critical systems requires formal analysis methods to ensure their correct functionality without over-sized safety margins and extensive testing. For architectures with state-based events or scheduling, such as load-dependent frequency scaling, model checking has emerged as a promising tool. It formally verifies timing behavior of realtime systems with minimal over-approximation...
This paper proposes a virtual communication layer for time-triggered networks, enabling a policy-based message scheduling as well as preemption which in turn simplifies real-time verification. The introduced layer is particularly advantageous in the automotive domain since it reduces the complexity of scheduling time-triggered communication systems and simplifies incremental changes of existing schedules...
In this paper, we study time-triggered distributed systems where periodic application tasks are mapped onto different end stations (processing units) communicating over a switched Ethernet network. We address the problem of application level (i.e., both task- and network-level) schedule synthesis and optimization. In this context, most of the recent works [10], [11] either focus on communication schedule...
Embedded systems often involve transmitting feedback signals between multiple control tasks that are implemented on different electronic control units communicating via a shared bus. For ensuring stability and control performance, such designs require all control signals to be delivered within a specified deadline, which is ensured through appropriate timing or schedulability analysis. In this brief,...
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