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Recently, electret-based electrostatic and triboelectric energy harvesting devices have demonstrated their great potential in converting ambient mechanical energy to electrical energy due to their merits of low cost, easy formation and long-term stability. For electret-based generators, the performance of the state-of-the-art MEMS energy harvesters mostly falls into the range of nW or μW level, limiting...
This paper presents development of a biomimetic hydrogel for encapsulation of self-powered MEMS sensors, inspired from canal neuromasts of blind cave fish. A hyaluronic acid hydrogel mimics cupula, a specialized structure involved in sensing mechanism of neuromasts. Upon hydrogel encapsulation, the sensor retains its sensitivity towards oscillatory flow stimulus and functions similar to biological...
This work is inspired by the ‘Dome Pressure Receptors’ (DPRs), which are scattered on the skin of crocodiles, assisting them to locate the origin of disturbance, both on water surface [1] and inside the water [2]; thereby enabling them to hunt preys even in dark environment and turbid waters. In this study, a dome structure embedded with piezoelectric pressure sensors is constructed, which carries...
In this paper, we present the design, fabrication and experimental results of two types of MEMS sensors for manoeuvring and control of a robotic stingray. The first sensor is a piezoresistive liquid crystal polymer haircell flow sensor which is employed to determine the velocity of propagation of the stingray. The second sensor is a Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 piezoelectric micro-diaphragm pressure sensor...
In nature, there exist numerous and diverse, highly sensitive and well-evolved biological hair cell sensors which work on the principles of mechanotransduction, serving various sensing needs. This work presents a flexible biomimetic smart skin of self-powered piezoelectric hair cell flow sensors capable of sensing underwater flow phenomena. We developed a 2D array of 20 MEMS flow sensors arranged...
There have been increasing demands for stretchable and highly sensitive sensors for use in structural health monitoring, human motion capturing, sport performance monitoring and rehabilitation. Such high performance myoelectric sensors are also remarkably important in developing artificial limbs where a combination of robotic actuators and sensory systems are required to provide lifelike, affordable,...
Fishes use their mechanosensory lateral-line system to detect minute disturbances underwater. The lateral-lines consist of superficial and canal neuromast (SN and CN) sensory sub-systems. Unlike SNs which are exposed to external flow directly, the CNs, due to the presence of canals, have a higher immunity to noise and greater signal selectivity. In this paper, we present the design, fabrication and...
Some of the biological sensors found in nature portray the best designs with incomprehensible sensing features. Recent studies reveal that Harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) are capable of performing underwater wake tracking using their vibrissae alone. It is believed that the unique geometry of the whiskers may play a role in suppressing vortex-induced vibrations. In this work, we developed piezoelectric...
Blind cave fish are capable of sensing flows and movements of nearby objects even in dark and murky water conditions with the help of arrays of pressure-gradient sensors present on their bodies called lateral-lines. To emulate this functionality of lateral-lines for autonomous underwater vehicles, an array of polymer MEMS pressure sensors have been developed that can transduce underwater pressure...
In this study, an analytical calculation was performed by using the Navier-Stokes equation for Newtonian fluids to investigate influences of acoustic radiation and viscous damping on the frequency and quality factor of piezoelectric circular microdiaphragms (PCM). Theoretical model shows that the ratio of contribution of viscosity over acoustic radiation term on the frequency shift of PCM mainly depends...
This paper reports on the underwater damping characteristics of a micromachined piezoelectric pressure sensor packaged using liquid crystal polymer (LCP) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). In water, its sensitivity is flat about 6 dB (ref. 1 V/Pa) from 20 to 400 Hz while its bandwidth is 1.2 kHz. In air, its sensitivity is about −33 dB (ref. 1 V/Pa) at low frequency and increases significantly after...
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