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By global warming, air pollution of environmental issues, and the seriousness of the energy problem, fuel cell vehicles that do not generate CO2 on the time of traveling is being sold. Thereby, hydrogen stations are beginning to be built in various places. Now, because there is no lightning protection guidelines in the hydrogen station, we examined the lightning protection of the human body and equipment...
Facilities such as base stations that are equipped with towers are frequently damaged by direct lightning strikes. A major type of such damage is the failure of low-voltage circuit breakers. There has been almost no consideration of the mode and mechanism of circuit breaker failure. Furthermore, there are no established standards for circuit breaker tolerance of impulse current or testing methods...
A surge protective device (SPD) is used in low-voltage power systems to protect electrical equipment from surges induced by lightning. An SPD has a drawback that its impedance becomes low in case of SPD failure. This failure can cause not only the SPD, or other devices near it, to catch fire or make an upstream over current protection device (OCPD) operate unnecessary, and also can cause serious damage...
A lightning surge analysis model with a concrete foundation for photovoltaic (PV) panels was made and experimentally validated. The foundation model was used to model a DC power distribution system within a full-scale PV system, and we evaluated required current withstand capability of surge protective devices (SPDs) using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. Consequently we confirmed...
Surge protective device (SPD) disconnectors are used to safely isolate degraded or failed SPDs from a low voltage power system. SPD disconnectors include thermal disconnectors and current disconnectors (SCDs). The requirements for SPD disconnectors are specified in IEC61643-11. However, more information is needed to design surge protection measures with SPDs for low voltage power systems. In this...
In this paper, we present a summary of lightning protection measures aimed at securing a more reliable power supply for a telecom building. Based on an analysis of the entry paths of lightning surges into telecom building, we implemented lightning protection measures for the power receiving facilities by strengthening the equipment's tolerance to overvoltage surges. This was achieved by using a multistage...
A thermal protection function (thermal disconnector) is usually built into voltage clamping-type surge protective devices (SPDs) such as metal oxide varistors (MOVs) for electric power. In addition, if excess voltage or degradation of an SPD causes a large fault current flow, an overcurrent protection function (current disconnector) is used. Thermal disconnectors and current disconnectors are collectively...
A 3D air-termination design-support system for automatically estimating collection areas and analyzing areas of buildings that are either protected or unprotected by an air-termination system in three dimensions was developed for designing external lightning-protection systems. Using this system makes it possible to analyze complex building forms and design air-termination systems with efficiency...
We have developed a method for selecting lightning-protection level for structures according to “return period”—which is used in the field of disaster-resistant design for building construction in regards to natural phenomena like earthquakes, wind, and snow. Key features of the method are its ease of use for designers other than lightning-related specialists and its compliance with disaster-resistant...
The SPD disconnectors currently in use are those recommended by manufactures of SPDs. In Europe, fuses are commonly used as SPD disconnectors, on the other hand, in Japan, molded-case circuit breakers (MCCBs) are commonly used. However, the condition regarding SPD disconnectors that the manufacturers use for selecting the appropriate SPD disconnector is not clearly laid out , and standardization has...
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