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Basic Demand response (DR) programs aim to modulate the demand of electricity in accordance with its supply. The existing DR programs have only been of limited success, though the participation has steadily increased in the recent past. This paper establishes the lack of fairness principles within the DR programs, as perceived by the customers to be one of the key deterrents. Fair DR (FDR) scheme...
A middleware is a piece of software which resides between the main application and the physical infrastructure. Middleware processes the data coming from the physical sensor network and make them available to applications through various API. The conventional middleware available in the literature is very complex to use, because the application developer needs to have knowledge of hardware, embedded...
In this paper, we study a wireless sensor network (WSN) as a social network in which the embedded sensors are the main entities as opposed to human beings in a traditional social network. In wireless sensor networks, the nodes resemble individuals in a way that they communicate with their peers, sometimes selectively hiding some information, sometimes selectively exposing some other information, generating...
In wireless sensor node battery power and memory is available in limited amount. The computing devices available in the sensor nodes are not capable enough to execute complex algorithm. Moreover, several retransmissions of data packets are done to compensate lost packet due to buffer overflow. The algorithm of buffer management policies of conventional data network cannot be applied in sensor network,...
In the sensor network the nodes which are nearer to the base station (BS) have additional communication loads of forwarding data generated by distant nodes. Thus they lose their energy rapidly and die soon where as distant nodes remain alive. It creates a bottleneck of communication after sometime for alive nodes. We propose here that distance between two successive nodes around BS should be lesser...
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is characterized with limited battery power and limited computation capability. Sensor nodes which produce a data set that is different from their counter parts are called Outlier nodes. For example, in a particular room, if we expect temperature of 25degC and if we receive a temperature reading of 73degC. This is called outlier data and the node which produces this data...
The wireless sensor network (WSN) is characterized with limited battery power and limited computation capability. This is why a WSN requires a power efficient and less complicated routing protocol. General routing protocols impose more communication responsibility on nodes with high battery power, thus forcing the nodes to lose energy soon. Flow based routing uses all possible flow paths so doesn't...
We are presenting here a routing protocol based on our modified algorithm of multicommodity flow. Here the flow converges more along those routes, which have maximum gradient of accumulated commodity. We have proved that this is indeed a shortest path routing in disguise. If we reduce the flow of data through a node its lifetime will increase. Reduction inflow will result in accumulation of more commodities...
Capacity of the battery is usually specified in ampere-hour. So far, while designing a routing protocol people are considering that if C is the capacity of the battery and the current drawn out of it is at rate R then total time to evacuate is T=C/R. On contrary, the batteries show rate capacity effect. That is, capacity of a battery decreases with increase in discharge current. Thus lifetime of the...
Capacity of the battery is used to be specified in Ampere-Hour. So far, while designing a routing protocol people are considering this capacity of battery like water in a tank. That is, if C is the capacity of tank and water drawn out of it with rate R then total time to evacuate is T=C/R. On contrary, the batteries show rate capacity effect. That is, capacity of a battery decreases with increase...
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