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Engineers at PNU Power have harnessed the energy stored in compressed air to provide backup power in high voltage electricity substations. Reduced maintenance costs, elimination of hazardous lead acid batteries, and the need for outside installations were all driving factors for the UK and USA National Grid to look for an alternative to the traditional lead acid battery for backup power.
The automatic disturbance detection and classification based on wide area frequency data from a nationwide frequency monitoring network (FNET) is very important to improve control algorithm for ensuring power system security and reliability, an essential function for smart grid infrastructure. Moreover, in a future power system mostly consisting of distributed generators and renewable energy resources...
In this paper, grid synchronization for gird-connected power generation systems in the presence of voltage unbalance and frequency variation is considered. A new extended Kalman filter based synchronization algorithm is proposed to track the phase angle of the utility network. Instead of processing the three-phase voltage signal in the abc natural reference frame and resorting to the symmetrical component...
In this paper, we discuss information model of IEC 61850 protocol. We give the prototype design of information model of IEC 61850 and study record accessing times. We suggest use of real time main memory database model for IEC 61850. We also use TLSF memory allocator for assigning memory to records in IEC 61850 prototype. We suggest a back up scheme for database for fast crash recovery. Finally we...
“Smart Grid” is a term used to define several phases of activities within the utility industry: from providing communications, monitoring and control capabilities for the energy infrastructure at the macro scale to controlling the energy usage of home appliances at the micro scale. This paper will address the segment of the Smart Grid activity that distributes data during last-mile connectivity between...
With unprecedented capabilities for monitoring by synchronized sub-second measurements and processing them with widely distributed decision intelligence and providing quasi-continuous control capabilities throughout the grid wherever and whenever needed, the smart grid offers the potential to increase all voltage, dynamic and transient stability limits to a level above the relevant thermal limits...
With the advancement of sensor, communication and information technologies, Wide Area Monitoring, Protection and Control (WAMPAC) systems have been identified as the new generation of solutions to improve power system planning, operation and protection. There are a number of Southern California Edison (SCE) advanced initiatives that are related to the WAMPAC systems. Despite differences among various...
Demand response services that engage consumers are an important emerging aspect of the smart grid. The advent of new consumer-facing technologies that communicate with the electric utility is enabling this transformation. This paper presents and analyzes case studies of different electric utility programs, including enabling technologies and incentives, on smart grid demand response. The program successes...
Information & Communication Technology is one of highest priority deployment for smart grid development. Although Common information model (CIM) provides a general solution for information share and exchange; some problems still occur in CIM application. To solve the problems, a solution based on Object-relational mapping (ORM) and JAVA Reflection mechanism is proposed and a data platform based...
PV inverters are an important element of the future smart grids. Not only they contribute to the active power generation as distributed generators (DGs), but also they can help grid voltage/frequency stability by generating VAR. Although the number of PV installations is rapidly growing, the effective utilization of PV inverters remains low. As even if inverters are to operate in VAR mode during night...
This paper describes the modeling of automatically operated local controllers, based on the scheduled, measured or calculated values of the locally affected network equipment in real time operation of Distribution Management System - Control Center. The model presented is operated in unbalanced, unsymmetrical distribution networks and analyzed in phase domain. Simulated Locally controlled equipment...
Computer technology and the proliferation of networks that enabled data exchange between computers gave birth to the Internet and mankind realized the dawn of a new, virtual environment aptly named “cyberspace.” If you think about critical infrastructure, things that come to mind are all of the services and assets that make civilized life possible. The evolution of Smart Grid Technology promises the...
Distribution System State Estimation (DSSE) stays in focus in all smart grid related topics. In Medium Voltage (MV) networks, in particular, and in distribution networks, in general, DSSE is a prerequisite for smart grid functionality. In this paper a new approach for a three-phase DSSE is presented. It utilizes the most types of analog real time measurements (including current magnitude, active and...
The present paper addresses the topic of fault location in power networks with cable lines. In the era of smart-grid the demand of intelligent measurement systems capable of providing quickly and with high accuracy the right location of faults in power networks is growing fast. Many proposals can be found in literature relevant to different approaches. Some commercial instrumentation is also available...
Three phase power flow calculation is required for Transmission Network Analysis (TNA) and Distribution Network Analysis (DNA). In TNA it is needed to calculate voltage and current unbalance factors, required by Power Quality Analysis. In DNA Three Phase Power Flow is a must to have tool, since power flow is used as a basis tool for other DNA methods. This paper presents modeling proposal for using...
Accurate fault location is a challenge for most Distribution Management Systems (DMS). This paper analyses one possible method for Fault Location (FLOC) using impedance information available from Impedance Fault Relay (IFR). This method is applicable for symmetrical as well as un-symmetrical networks. It delivers accurate results for radial as well as meshed networks. The Impedance based FLOC is a...
An aggregator is designed for Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) frequency regulation service. Active discharge of the plug-in electric vehicle is enabled utilizing the regulation signal to avoid the energy constraint. Some structural restrictions are investigated through the system review. In addition, the characteristics of regulation signal are retrieved though statistical analysis. Then, an objective function...
The smart grid effort is the single largest grid modernization investment in American history. What began as a theoretical idea has increasingly become a reality. Close to $10 billion in investments from both government and industry will introduce major activities in the next 3-5 years as the main momentum of the energy industry transformation. As grid development proceeds, it is necessary to realize...
Managing distributed energy sources, energy storage, and consumer's active behavior coupled with sustainability objectives, requires significant changes in the architecture and technologies used to control the electricity infrastructure. Electricity consumers are evolving into economically motivated “prosumers” that not only consume, but can also produce and store electricity. Prosumers can become...
As micro-combined heat and power (micro-CHP) systems move towards mass deployment together with other kinds of distributed energy resources (DER), an increasing emphasis has been placed on how to coordinate such a large diversified DER portfolio in an efficient way by the Virtual Power Plant (VPP) like aggregators. Compared to the centralized direct control scheme, a decentralized control scheme “control-by-price”...
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