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It has been estimated that 1 MWp cell production requires almost 10 million liters of de-ionized water, not including chemicals such as HF, HCl, and NaOH. Consideration of the current industry trends, including use of thinner Si wafers and growing incompatibility screen-printed Al-alloyed back surface filed (BSF) formation on increasingly thinner wafers due to wafer warpage and increasing Al costs,...