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Some types of metal-on-metal (MOM) hip replacements have unacceptably high rates of failure, such as the Ultima TPS MOM hip, with 13.8% failure at 5years. This has been attributed to an inflammatory reaction following the release of cobalt (Co) and chromium (Cr) from the bearing surfaces and modular junctions. There is in vitro evidence that Co is more important than Cr in the inflammatory process,...
TNF is a key factor in a variety of inflammatory diseases. Here we report that TNF induced pro-inflammatory cytokine synthesis of IL-6 and IL-8 is mediated by the Rho GTPase Rac. TNF induces p42/p44, p54 and p38 MAPK kinase; these kinases have been implicated in control of cytokine synthesis. However, over-expression of a dominant negative form of Rac strongly inhibited TNF-induced p42/44 MAPK kinase...
We have previously shown that interleukin (IL-)10-induced proliferation of the murine mast cell line D36, was dependent upon the activation of PI 3-kinase and p70 S6 kinase. Conversely, we were able to show that this pathway was not involved in the signal transduction pathway mediating IL-10 inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine release from monocytes. We have extended these studies to investigate...
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